论合同履行请求权普通诉讼时效期间的起算时点  

On the Starting Point of the Ordinary Limitation Period of the Right to Claim on Performance of the Contract

作　　者：史志磊[1] SHI Zhi-lei(School of Law,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌大学法学院,江西南昌330031

出　　处：《南昌大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第4期82-92,共11页Journal of Nanchang University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“合同法中的免责事由研究”(20BFX115);江西省高校人文社会科学重点研究基地研究项目“我国担保制度的立法完善研究”(JD23020)。

摘　　要：与对诉讼时效制度的程序法理解和实体法理解相应,普通诉讼时效期间起算客观时点的确定方法有权利被侵害与请求权可行使之别,但在各自的理论脉络下两种确定方法的实质均为权利可行使。权利被侵害的确定方法无法适用于合同履行请求权,《中华人民共和国民法典》第一百八十九条、第六百九十四条第一款和《最高人民法院关于审理民事案件适用诉讼时效制度若干问题的规定》第四条第一分句采纳了请求权可行使的确定方法。《最高人民法院关于审理民事案件适用诉讼时效制度若干问题的规定》第四条第二分句与《中华人民共和国民法典》第一百八十九条的规定相悖,属于司法解释的败笔。具有行为请求权性质的履行请求权普通诉讼时效期间自权利人主张权利时起算,但代偿请求权具有不当得利的性质,应适用不当得利债权的起算规则。继续履行请求权属于履行请求权的延续,不存在独立的诉讼时效期间。作为次请求权的损害赔偿请求权不受履行请求权诉讼时效期间的规制,存在自己独立的普通诉讼时效期间起算时点。我国民事立法关于普通诉讼时效期间起算时点的规定呈现出二元结构,体系化不足。Corresponding to the procedural and substantive law understandings of the limitation system,the methods of determining the objective point of time from which the ordinary limitation period begins to run differ between the right being infringed and the claim being exercisable,but the essence of both methods of determining the limitation period is the exercisability of the right,in the context of their respective doctrinal vectors.Because the determining method that the objective starting point is when the right is infringed cannot be applied to the right of claim in the nature of original right,Article 189,paragraph 1 Article 694 of the Civil Code and clause 1 Article 4 of the Judicial Interpretation No.17[2020]stipulate the determining method that the starting point is when the right to claim becomes enforceable and the objective model is adopted.The second clause of Article 4 of the Judicial Interpretation No.17[2020]is contrary to the Article 189 of the Civil Code.It is a failure of judicial interpretation.The starting point of ordinary limitation period of the right to claim which is of the nature of verhaltener anspruch is when the right holder claims the right.Because the right to claim on substitutional interest is of the nature of unjust enrichment,the starting rule for unjust enrichment claims shall be applied for it.The right to claim specific performance is the extension of the right to claim on performance of the contract,and there is no issue of an independent limitation period.The right to claim on damages as a secondary claim is not subject to the limitation period for the right to claim on performance of the contract,and has its own independent starting point for the ordinary limitation period.The provisions of China’s civil legislation on the starting point of the ordinary limitation period present a dual structure,and the degree of systematization is insufficient.

关 键 词：普通诉讼时效期间 起算时点 履行请求权 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]