中国双边投资协定中间接征收环境例外条款的模糊性研究  

A Study on the Ambiguity of Indirect Expropriation of Environmental Exceptions in China’s Bilateral Investment Treaties

作　　者：罗航 Luo Hang

机构地区：[1]甘肃政法大学涉外法治学院

出　　处：《海关与经贸研究》2024年第3期81-96,共16页Journal of Customs and Trade

基　　金：2020年度上海市哲学社会科学一般项目“后疫情时代国际投资争端调解机制的中国创新研究”(项目批准号:2020BFX020);复旦大学义乌研究院《民营企业对“一带一路”国家投资争端解决便利化研究》。

摘　　要：我国间接征收环境例外条款的模糊性,从文本结构出发,主要体现在目的要求项下环境意图之证成、手段要求项下“歧视”标准之厘清以及例外之例外项下比例原则之适用这三方面。该条款文本性模糊将导致其功能失衡。在实践层面,国际仲裁实践中对间接征收环境例外的认定逻辑一般遵循“事实认定—规则与条款选择—涵摄”三阶段,以上三阶段各类案例体现了仲裁庭在间接征收环境例外模糊性要素认定上,给予了东道国更多压力。以条款文本模糊性为根本原因,辅以仲裁实践压力,共同导致东道国实施环境规制措施的寒蝉效应。为应对该模糊性,基于文本与实践两方面,我国可对间接征收环境例外条款模糊性要素进行选择性明晰,针对性完善相关条款以及优化国内相关法律运行流程。From the text structure,the fuzziness of the clause of indirect expropriation of environmental exceptions in China is mainly reflected in three aspects:the proof of environmental intention under the purpose requirement,the clarification of the standard of“discrimination”under the means requirement,and the application of the principle of proportionality under the exception.The ambiguity of this clause will lead to its unbalanced function.On the practical level,the logic of identifying indirect expropriation environmental exceptions in international arbitration practice generally follows three stages:“fact identification-selection of rules and terms-inclusion”.The arbitral tribunal in the above three stages has put more pressure on the host country to identify fuzzy elements of indirect expropriation environmental exceptions through various cases.The fundamental reason is the ambiguity of the clause text,supplemented by the pressure of arbitration practice,which jointly leads to the chilling effect of the host country’s implementation of environmental regulation measures.To deal with this ambiguity,based on the text and practice,China can selectively clarify the vague elements of the indirect expropriation environmental exception clause,improve the relevant clauses,and optimize the relevant domestic legal operation process.

关 键 词：双边投资协定 国际投资仲裁 间接征收 环境例外条款 

分 类 号：D996.4[政治法律—经济法学]