20世纪50—70年代的城市工业节水工作——以上海为考察对象  

Urban Industrial Water-saving Work from the 1950s to the 1970s——Taking Shanghai as the Research Object

作　　者：刘青[1] 张连辉[2] Liu Qing;Zhang Lianhui

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学经济学院,430073 [2]中南财经政法大学经济学院、经济史学研究中心,430073

出　　处：《当代中国史研究》2024年第4期97-108,M0005,M0006,共14页Contemporary China History Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“中国工业污染治理微观资料整理与研究(1949—1983)”(22BJL011)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：作为我国典型的工业城市,20世纪50—70年代,上海工业节水工作大致经历了以下几个阶段:在工程型缺水和国家工业废水治理政策推动下,工业节水工作于1959年正式启动;60年代中期,为应对季节性停用深井水和黄浦江污染凸显带来的新压力,短暂试点计划用水;60年代后期至1972年,计划用水试点暂停,工业节水工作继续开展,节水技术有所发展;受国家城市节水政策推动,在1973年之后重启计划用水试点,1979年开始正式实行计划用水制度;到改革开放初期,成为全国城市工业节水工作先进典型和学习对象。对上海工业节水工作的研究表明,在水资源短缺条件下,为提高企业节水积极性和推动节水工作制度化,计划用水成为必然选择并被沿用至今。As a typical industrial city in China,Shanghai's industrial water-saving work went through several stages from the 1950s to the 1970s.Under the promotion of engineering water shortage and national industrial wastewater treatment policies,industrial water-saving work was officially launched in 1959.In the mid-1960s,in response to the new pressure brought by seasonal discontinuation of deep-well water and the prominent pollution of the Huangpu River,a short-term pilot project,planned water use,was launched.From the late 1960s to 1972,the planned water use pilot project was suspended,and industrial water-saving work continued,with the development of water-saving technology.Driven by the national urban water-saving policy,the planned water use pilot program was restarted after 1973,and the planned water use system was officially implemented in 1979.In the early stages of reform and opening-up,it became an advanced model and learning object for urban industrial water-saving work in China.Research on industrial water-saving work in Shanghai showed that under the conditions of water resource scarcity,planned water use became an inevitable choice and was used to improve the enthusiasm of enterprises for water-saving and promote the institutionalization of water-saving work.

关 键 词：缺水 工业节水 计划用水 计划供水 上海 

分 类 号：K27[历史地理—历史学] F420[历史地理—中国史]