基于实体试验及FDS模拟的气承式膜结构储煤棚防火性能研究  

Research on fire prevention performance of gas-borne membrane structure coal storage shed based on physical test and FDS simulation

作　　者：杜鹏 任国栋 刘祉伊 晏风 顾广悦 周欣鑫 王志伟 韩如适[1] Du Peng;Ren Guodong;Liu Zhiyi;Yan Feng;Gu Guangyue;Zhou Xinxin;Wang Zhiwei;Han Rushi(China Academy of Building Research Fire Institute,Beijing 100013,China;Housing and Urban Rural Development Burean of Hohhot City,Hohhot 010010,China;China People’s Police University,Langfang 065000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国建筑科学研究院建筑防火研究所,北京100013 [2]呼和浩特市住房和城乡建设局,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [3]中国人民警察大学,河北廊坊065000

出　　处：《建筑科学》2024年第7期84-92,共9页Building Science

基　　金：中国建筑科学研究院青年基金项目(20230111331030038)。

摘　　要：近年来,气承膜结构被广泛用于储煤建筑,具有造价低、自重轻、施工周期短、环保性能高等优点,但是也存在一定的火灾风险,亟需对气承膜煤棚的防火性能进行系统研究。本研究选取某实际的PVDF气承膜煤棚项目作为研究对象,通过膜材燃烧试验研究膜材燃烧性能,采用缩尺寸实体试验研究裂解临界温度,通过理论计算分析煤堆火灾危险性和膜结构裂解辐射强度,采用FDS数值模拟重点分析单一火源在不同位置的温度和烟气场分布情况,分析膜棚的防火性能。研究结果表明,本研究采用的PVDF膜材属于B1级难燃的PVDF材料,在火灾时的裂解临界温度为330℃;不同位置的火源会使烟气的运动规律发生变化,膜棚发生裂解主要是火源直接与膜材接触导致达到330℃的临界温度,燃烧与热辐射强度无关。本研究采用了煤堆火灾危险性分析、膜材料的燃烧特性测试、裂解临界温度等多种研究方法,并通过缩尺寸试验和模拟试验互相结合的手段,具有可靠性强,准确度高的特点。研究为气承式膜结构煤棚的防火性能提供了理论依据和数据支撑。In recent years,Gas-borne membrane structures have been widely used in coal storage buildings,with advantages such as low cost,light weight,short construction period,and high environmental performance.However,there are also certain fire risks,and it is urgent to conduct systematic research on the fire resistance performance of air bearing membrane coal sheds.In this study,an actual PVDF air supported membrane coal shed project is selected as the research object.The combustion performance of the membrane material is studied through the combustion test of the membrane material,and the critical temperature of cracking is studied through the reduced size entity test.The fire risk of the coal pile and the radiant intensity of the membrane structure cracking are analyzed through theoretical calculation.FDS numerical simulation is used to focus on the temperature and smoke field distribution of a single fire source at different locations,and the fire resistance of the membrane shed is analyzed.The research results indicate that the PVDF membrane material used in this study belongs to B1 grade refractory PVDF material,and the critical cracking temperature during fire is 330℃;The fire source at different locations will change the movement law of flue gas.The cracking of the film shed is mainly caused by the direct contact of the fire source with the film material,which leads to the critical temperature of 330℃.The combustion has nothing to do with the thermal radiant intensity intensity.In this study,the research methods including fire hazard analysis of coal pile,combustion characteristics test of membrane materials,analysis of cracking critical temperature and cracking radiant intensity are proposed,and the method is reliable and accurate by combining shrink size test and simulation test. The research provides theoretical basis and data support for the fire resistanceperformance of air supported membrane structure coal sheds.

关 键 词：气承膜煤棚 PVDF 实体试验 FDS模拟 

分 类 号：TU998.1[建筑科学—市政工程]