弩机望山射表的复原研究  

Research on the Restoration of Shooting Tables for the Crossbow Machine

作　　者：郭帅帅 冯慧敏 曲安京[1] GUO Shuaishuai;FENG Huimin;QU Anjing(Institute for Advanced Study in History of Science,Northwest University,Xi'an 710127,China;Faculty of Fundamental Subject Teaching,Shandong Agricultural Engineering University,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学科学史高等研究院,西安710127 [2]山东农业工程学院基础课教学部,济南250100

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2024年第2期191-204,共14页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国历法史”(项目编号:22&ZD221);西北大学研究生创新项目“战国秦汉时期的文物遗存与数理考古”(项目编号:CX2023045)。

摘　　要：望山是弩机上承担瞄准功能的基本构件。古人对不同的弩机,通常会设计相应的射表,用于标明望山刻度与目标距离的关系,以提高作战效率。然而有关古代射表的记录早已失传,现有研究在望山射表的复原方面鲜有涉及。弩的弓力、箭长与箭重是影响射程计算的关键要素,本文结合考古数据与传世文献的记载,对射程计算三要素的数据进行了分析,通过弩机望山射表的数学建模,建立了望山刻度与射程之间的数学关系,复原了我国古代弩机望山的射表。研究结果发现望山刻度的划分是经过理论设计的,随着望山刻度的增加,射程呈现出以固定步数为等间距的递增规律。这是中国古代数学以实践为主的又一体现,对于中国古代兵器研究具有重要意义。Wangshan is the basic component for the aiming function of the crossbow machine.In order to improve combat efficiency,the ancients usually designed corresponding shooting tables for different crossbow machines to indicate the relationship between the Wangshan scale and the target distance.However,the records of ancient shooting tables are log lost,and there is little research on the restoration of Wangshan shooting tables.Bow force,length,and weight are the key factors affecting the calculation of the range.This paper combines the archaeological data and the records of handed-down documents to analyze the data of the three elements of the range calculation,establishes the mathematical relationship between the Wangshan scale and the shooting range through the mathematical modeling,and restores the ancient Chinese shooting tables of crossbow machine.The research results show that the division of the Wangshan scale was theoretically designed.With the increase of the Wangshan scale,the shooting range showed an increasing law with a fixed number of steps as the equal interval.This is another manifestation of the fact that ancient Chinese mathematics was based on practice,which is of great significance to the study of ancient Chinese weaponry.

关 键 词：弩机 望山刻度 射表 数学实操 

分 类 号：E291[军事—军事理论]