烟台长岛秋季海洋牧场内外大型底栖动物群落特征分析  

Analysis on the characteristics of macrobenthic animal communities inside and outside the autumn marine ranch on Yantai Changdao Island

作　　者：衣帆 王娇 刘航 陈静[2] 陈琳琳[2] 李晓静 李学鹏 李宝泉[2] Yi Fan;Wang Jiao;Liu Hang;Chen Jing;Chen Linlin;Li Xiaojing;Li Xuepeng;Li Baoquan(School of Ocean,Yantai University,Yantai 264003,China;Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Yantai 264003,China;Yantai Vocational College,Yantai 264670,China)

机构地区：[1]烟台大学海洋学院,山东烟台264003 [2]中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所,山东烟台264003 [3]烟台职业学院,山东烟台264670

出　　处：《海洋学报》2024年第5期57-67,共11页

基　　金：烟台市海洋牧场本底调查及海洋牧场效果评价项目(SDGP370600000202202000671A001);长岛海域海洋牧场和增殖放流效果评价及生态渔业适宜性分析(民生公益类)项目(2022MSGY064);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2021QD158)。

摘　　要：为明确烟台长岛海洋牧场大型底栖动物群落组成及其分布特征,评估海洋牧场对大型底栖动物的影响,2022年10月在该海域牧场内外设置采样站位,开展大型底栖动物调查,并进行大型底栖动物群落特征分析。本航次共采集和鉴定了88种大型底栖动物,牧场内和对照区物种数量相近,但优势类群不同。在牧场内共鉴定出了70种,以软体动物为优势类群,对照区有69种,以环节动物为优势类群。共发现8种优势种,其中牧场内3种软体动物,对照区有6种,包括软体动物2种、棘皮动物1种和环节动物3种。大型底栖动物的平均丰度和生物量牧场内均显著高于对照区,但Margalef物种丰富度指数(d)、Pielou均匀度指数(J')和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')在牧场内外相差较小。聚类分析(CLUSTER)和非度量多维标度排序分析(NMDS)结果表明,海洋牧场内外各站位相似性程度较低。AMBI和m-AMBI分析显示,研究海域总体受污染扰动较小,表明底栖生态健康较好。结合历史资料发现,调查区域大型底栖动物群落物种丰度和生物量均有较大增加,表明海洋牧场的发展对大型底栖动物群落的生长发育有一定程度的影响。To clarify the composition and distribution characteristics of macrobenthic communities in Yantai Changdao Island marine ranch and evaluate the impact of marine ranching on these macrobenthos,sampling stations were set up inside and outside the marine ranch in October 2022.Surveys of macrobenthic animals and the characteristics of macrobenthic communities were analyzed.A total of 88 species of macrobenthic animals were collected and identified during this voyage.Although the number of species in the pasture and control area was similar,the dominant groups differed.In the pasture,70 species were identified,with mollusks being the dominant group;whereas,in the control area,69 species were identified,with annelids as the dominant group.Eight dominant species were found,including 3 mollusk species in the pasture and 6 species in the control area,comprising2 mollusk species,1 echinoderm species,and 3 annelid species.The average abundance and biomass of macrobenthic animals in the pasture were significantly higher than those in the control area.However,Margalef species richness index(d),Pielou evenness index(J'),and Shannon Wiener diversity index(H') values showed little difference between the pasture and the outside.The results of Cluster analysis(CLUSTER) and non-metric multidimensional scaling(NMDS) analysis indicated that relatively low similarity among each station inside and outside the marine ranch.The AMBI and m-AMBI analyses revealed that the overall pollution disturbance in the studied water area was relatively small,indicating good benthic ecological health.Combined with historical data,the analysis revealed a significant increase in species abundance and biomass of macrobenthic communities in the surveyed area.These results suggest that the development of marine pastures has a certain degree of impact on the growth and development of macrobenthic communities.

关 键 词：烟台长岛 海洋牧场 大型底栖动物 群落特征 

分 类 号：Q145[生物学—生态学]