流动的媒介:明清商人与儒家文化的传播研究  

The Flowing Medium:A Study of Ming and Qing Merchants and the Dissemination of Confucian Culture

作　　者：宋立杰[1] SONG Lijie(School of History and Culture,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学历史文化学院,重庆北碚400715

出　　处：《西南大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期243-256,共14页Journal of Southwest University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“明清商人传记资料整理与研究”(14ZDB035),项目负责人:张明富;中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“万历朝阁臣沈一贯形象演变研究”(SWU1809699),项目负责人:宋立杰。

摘　　要：明清商人群体是儒家文化的重要传播媒介之一。揆诸文献可知,明清商人不仅积极开展公益实践,注重与士人的交往,而且在日常生活与经商过程中,孝养父母,讲求诚信。这些行为不仅给他们带来了经济利益,也获得了民众的尊重和好感。官方与士人将商人的行为与成功归因于儒家文化的影响,通过褒奖或者撰文等方式不断宣扬他们的事迹。明清商人社会地位与形象的改善间接表明,只要接受儒家文化,践行儒家伦理规范,便会得到国家与士人的认同,这使得民众看到接受主流价值观的实质性益处。研究表明,明清商人基于自身体验,践行儒家伦理规范,有效地传播了儒家文化。作为传播媒介,明清商人不仅传承了儒家文化,也有效地弘扬了儒家文化,从而拓展了儒家文化的传播渠道,扩大了儒家文化的影响范围,有利于中华民族共同体意识的形成与发展。In the Ming and Qing dynasties,the merchant class played a significant role in disseminating the Confucian culture.Historical records indicate that these merchants not only engaged in charitable practice and valued interactions with scholars but also upheld principles of filial piety,respect for parents,and integrity in their daily lives and business dealings.These practices not only brought them economic benefits but also garnered them respect and goodwill from the people.Both the government and scholars attributed the behavior and success of merchants to the influence of the Confucian culture,continuously promoting their deeds through commendations and written works.The improved social status and reputation of the Ming and Qing merchants indirectly suggest that by embracing the Confucian culture and adhering to the Confucian ethical norms,they would gain recognition from the state and scholars,thus allowing the public to witness the tangible benefits of adopting mainstream values.Research findings suggest that the Ming and Qing merchants effectively disseminated the Confucian culture by practicing the Confucian ethical norms based on their own experience.Serving as conduits for dissemination,these merchants not only inherited the Confucian culture but also effectively propagated it,expanding the channels of its dissemination and broadening its influence,which contributed to the formation and development of a collective consciousness among the Chinese nation.

关 键 词：明清 商人 儒家文化 伦理规范 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学] F129[历史地理—中国史]