四川省开江县暴发裸藻水华的养殖池塘水质研究  

Study on the Water Quality in Aquaculture Ponds with Euglena Blooms in Kaijiang County,Sichuan Province

作　　者：苏峻正 马旭洲[1,2,3,4] 张文博[1,2,3,4] 戴希贤 黄健[1,2,3,4] SU Junzheng;MA Xuzhou;ZHANG Wenbo;DAI Xixian;HUANG Jian(Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding Center,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,P.R.China;Shanghai Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,P.R.China;Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Germplasm Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,P.R.China;National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Aquatic Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产动物遗传育种中心,上海市协同创新中心,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学,上海水产养殖工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学,农业农村部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室,上海201306 [4]上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306

出　　处：《湿地科学》2024年第4期545-555,共11页Wetland Science

基　　金：上海市现代农业产业技术体系项目(沪农科产字(2023)第4号)资助。

摘　　要：为了探究四川省开江县养殖池塘暴发裸藻水华的环境特点,于2022年4月至9月,对开江民生渔业发展有限公司的3座发生裸藻(Euglena)水华池塘和3座未发生裸藻水华池塘进行了一个养殖周期的水质监测,并对其水质进行比较。研究结果表明,裸藻水华的发生导致养殖池塘水体溶解氧含量、电导率和溶解性总固体含量小于未发生水华的池塘;其溶解性总固体含量偏低,对甲壳类生物生长有一定影响,造成甲壳类生物规格偏小、成活率偏低;暴发裸藻水华的养殖池塘水温和pH都适宜裸藻水华发生,水体中的总氮和总磷含量都适宜藻类水华发生,且氮元素是该地区裸藻水华暴发的限制因子;实验期间,养殖池塘水体的高锰酸盐指数含量严重超过地表水Ⅲ类水域标准,且裸藻水华暴发会加剧高锰酸盐指数积累;裸藻死亡后会释放已吸收的营养物质,再次恶化水质。养殖期间,在养殖池塘中合理种植伊乐藻(Elodea nuttallii)和轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata),可以有效抑制裸藻水华暴发。To investigate the environmental characteristics of Euglena blooms in aquaculture ponds in the Kaijiang area of Sichuan province,water quality monitoring was conducted over one culturing cycle from April to September 2022 in three ponds with Euglena blooms and three ponds without Euglena blooms at Kaijiang Minsheng Fisheries Development Co.,Ltd.The results showed that the occurrence of Euglena algae blooms led to lower dissolved oxygen,conductivity and total dissolved solids in the cultured ponds compared to the ponds without blooms.The low total dissolved solids had a certain impact on the growth of crustaceans,resulting in smaller size and lower survival rates.The water temperature and pH in the aquaculture ponds were suitable for Euglena blooms.The total nitrogen and total phosphorus were suitable for Euglena blooms,and nitrogen was the limiting factor of Euglena blooms in this area.During the experiment,the permanganate index severely exceeded the standard for Class III waters,and the Euglena algae blooms exacerbated the accumulation of the permanganate index.The death of Euglena released absorbed nutrients,further deteriorating the water quality.Reasonable planting of aquatic plants such as Elodea nuttallii and Hydrilla verticillata during the cultivation period could effectively inhibit the outbreak of Euglena bloom.

关 键 词：开江地区 养殖池塘 裸藻水华 氮磷比 限制因子 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]