黄河银川段湿地水鸟群落多样性  

Diversity of Waterbird Communities in Wetlands in Yinchuan Reaches of the Yellow River

作　　者：王琳 安雨[1] 崔庚 璩向宁[2] 王磊[2] 佟守正[1] WANG Lin;AN Yu;CUI Geng;QU Xiangning;WANG Lei;TONG Shouzheng(Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment,Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102,Jilin,P.R.China;School of Ecology and Environment,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院湿地生态与环境重点实验室,中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春130102 [2]宁夏大学生态环境学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《湿地科学》2024年第4期563-571,共9页Wetland Science

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2021BEG02013)资助。

摘　　要：银川市是黄河中上游湿地的集中分布区域,为了掌握黄河银川段水鸟群落的组成情况,于2022年6月至2023年7月,采用样点调查和直接计数法,对黄河银川段62个调查点7种类型湿地中的水鸟群落开展调查。研究结果表明,野外监测期间,在黄河银川段的湿地中,共记录到水鸟7目14科73种,以雁形目和鸻形目水鸟为主,其中有国家一级保护动物3种,包括遗鸥(Ichthyaetus relictus)、黑鹳(Ciconia nigra)和卷羽鹈鹕(Pelecanus crispus),国家二级保护动物11种;水鸟群落的优势物种数量为6种,包括豆雁(Anser fabalis)、赤麻鸭(Tadorna ferruginea)、斑嘴鸭(Anas zonorhyncha)、白骨顶(Fulica atra)、普通燕鸥(Sterna hirundo)和红嘴鸥(Chroicocephalus ridibundus);河流、湖泊、灌丛/草本沼泽、退耕还湿地、水田、池塘/泡沼、退渔还湿地中水鸟群落的多样性指数和均匀度指数都依次减小;河流是黄河银川段水鸟(包括3种国家一级保护动物)的集中分布生境,在退渔还湿地中栖息的水鸟种类和个体数量都最少。加强湿地微生境的管护,有利于水鸟群落多样性的增加和稳定性的保持。Yinchuan City is a concentrated area of wetlands in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River.From June 2022 to July 2023,waterbird surveys were carried out in 62 points from seven kinds of wetland habitats with the method of sampling sites and direct counting in Yinchuan reaches of the Yellow River,in ordered to understand the composition of waterbird communities in this area.The results showed that 73 species belonging to seven orders and 14 families were recorded,and the large numbers of them were belonging to Anseriformes and Charadriformes.Among them,three were national first-class protected species,including Relict Gull(Ichthyaetus relictus),Black Stork(Ciconia nigra)and Dalmatian pelican(Pelecanus crispus).And 11 were national second-class protected species.The dominant species included Bean Geese(Anser fabalis),Ruddy Shelduck(Tadorna ferruginea),Eastern Spot-billed Duck(Anas zonorhyncha),Coot(Fulica atra),Common Tern(Sterna hirundo),and Black-headed Gull(Chroicocephalus ridibundus).The diversity and evenness index of waterbird communities in seven kinds of habitats decreased from river,lake,shrub/marsh,land of reverting farmland to wetland,paddy field,pond to land of reverting fishpond to wetland.River was the pivot habitat of waterbirds(including three of China’s national first-level protected birds)in Yinchuan reaches of the Yellow River,and the number of species and individuals of waterbird in lands of reverting fishpond to wetland were the least.Strengthen the wetland microhabitats management is conductive to the increase of bird diversity and maintaining the stability of waterbird community.

关 键 词：水鸟群落 优势物种 栖息地管理 生境类型 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]