江苏盐城湿地珍禽国家级自然保护区修复区越冬水鸟群落组成及栖息地利用  

Composition and Habitat Use of Wintering Waterbirds Community in the Restoration Area of Jiangsu Yancheng Wetland National Nature Reserve for Rare Birds

作　　者：李春荣 许鹏 张树松 陈国远 殷鹏 张涛 LI Chunrong;XU Peng;ZHANG Shusong;CHEN Guoyuan;YIN Peng;ZHANG Tao(Jiangsu Yancheng Wetland National Nature Reserve,Rare Birds,Yancheng 224057,Jiangsu,P.R.China;Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils,Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture,School of Wetlands,Yancheng Teachers University,Yancheng 224007,Jiangsu,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]江苏盐城湿地珍禽国家级自然保护区,江苏盐城224057 [2]盐城师范学院湿地学院,江苏省滩涂生物资源与环境保护重点实验室,江苏省盐土生物资源研究重点实验室,江苏滩涂生物农业协同创新中心,江苏盐城224007

出　　处：《湿地科学》2024年第4期572-579,共8页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32201427);江苏省滩涂生物资源研究重点实验室开放课题(JKLBZ202004);江苏盐城国家级珍禽自然保护区珍禽栖息地构建与监测项目资助。

摘　　要：江苏盐城湿地珍禽国家级自然保护区是东亚—澳大利西亚迁徙路线上候鸟的重要停歇地和越冬地。于2022年11月至2023年2月(候鸟的越冬期),在该保护区的实验区的修复湿地中,对越冬水鸟资源进行持续监测,获取该区域越冬水鸟数量、群落组成等基础数据,并分析越冬水鸟的栖息地利用情况。研究结果表明,监测期间,共记录到水鸟36种,隶属于7目12科,累计数量23019只;其中,国家一级保护动物有4种,国家二级保护动物有3种;记录到IUCN濒危物种红色名录所列全球濒危(EN)物种东方白鹳(Ciconia boyciana),全球易危(VU)物种有3种,全球近危(NT)物种有2种;赤膀鸭(Mareca strepera)、绿头鸭(Anas platyrhyncho)、斑嘴鸭(Anas zonorhyncha)和白骨顶(Fulica atra)为修复区优势物种;修复区水鸟栖息地包括裸地、浅水区、深水区、芦苇(Phragmites australis)收割区、菖蒲(Acorus calamus)收割区和塘埂。不同栖息地中的水鸟数量和组成存在差异,在深水区中累计记录到的水鸟物种数(19种)和个体数量(18372只)都最多,其水鸟群落与裸地、芦苇收割区、菖蒲收割区、塘埂的水鸟群落的相似性指数都较低,浅水区的水鸟群落的物种多样性指数最大;积极开展水鸟监测、及时了解水鸟对栖息地利用的现状、关注修复湿地状况及其变化、针对栖息地水鸟资源的生态需求差异、维持修复区湿地内栖息地类型的多样性是提升保护区湿地及其水鸟资源管理能力的重要措施。The Jiangsu Yancheng Wetland National Nature Reserve for Rare Birds serves as an essential stopover and wintering ground for migratory birds along the East Asia-Australasian Flyway.During the wintering season from November 2022 to February 2023,a survey of waterbirds was conducted in the restoration area of the reserve's experimental zone.Basic data including waterbird number and community composition,as well as their habitat utilization,were collected.The results indicated that,during the wintering period,a total of 36 waterbird species(23019 individuals)belonging to 7 orders and 12 families were recorded,with 4 national first-class and 3 second-class protected species in China.The globally endangered(EN)species Oriental White Stork(Ciconia boyciana),3 globally vulnerable(VU)species,and 2 globally near threatened(NT)species listed in the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species lists were observed.Gadwall(Mareca strepera),Mallard(Anas platyrhyncho),Chinese Spot-billed Duck(Anas zonorhyncha),and Common Coot(Fulica atra)were the dominant species in the restoration area.Habitats of waterbirds included bare land,shallow water area,deep water area,post-harvested reed marsh,post-harvested calamus marsh,and pond ridges.Significant differences in waterbird numbers and compositions were identified across habitats.A total of 19 species(18372 individuals)were recorded in deep water area,which was the highest among habitats.The community of deep water area was distinct from those of bare land,post-harvested reed marsh,post-harvested calamus marsh,and pond ridges.The shallow water area exhibited the highest ShannonWiener diversity index.Regular waterbird monitoring is crucial to enhance our understanding of habitat utilization by waterbirds and the status of restored wetlands.Maintaining the diversity of habitats based on the ecological needs of waterbirds is vital for wetland management and waterbird conservation.

关 键 词：越冬水鸟 栖息地 湿地修复 江苏盐城湿地珍禽国家级自然保护区 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]