我国部分少数民族老年人居住方式选择及影响因素分析  

The choice of living style and its influencing factors for the elderly ethnic minorities in China

作　　者：张腾月 王秀兰 赵旺苹 朱革 ZHANG Tengyue;WANG Xiulan;ZHAO Wangping;ZHU Ge(School of Public Health,Gansu University of Chinese Medicine,Lanzhou,Gansu 730000,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]甘肃中医药大学公共卫生学院,甘肃兰州730000 [2]甘肃中医药大学经贸与管理学院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2024年第6期807-811,共5页Chinese Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析我国部分少数民族老年人居住方式的选择及影响因素,为完善少数民族老年人养老服务提供依据。采用2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查数据(Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey,CLHLS),多因素无序logistic回归分析我国少数民族老年人的基本情况、生活与健康状态、居住方式选择的影响因素。结果少数民族老年人选择和家人一起居住的有687人(85.34%),选择独居的有94人(11.68%),选择养老机构的有24人(2.98%)。多分类无序logistic回归结果显示,影响少数民族老年人居住方式选择的因素有6个,已婚(OR=0.32,95%CI:0.19~0.54)、离异(OR=0.60,95%CI:0.10~1.74)、社区提供起居照料(OR=0.41,95%CI:0.20~0.87)的少数民族老年人,选择独居的可能性更小(P<0.05);未上学(OR=0.14,95%CI:0.03~0.74)、小学(OR=0.03,95%CI:0.01~0.24)和初中(OR=0.10,95%CI:0.01~0.86)、有社会保障和商业保险(OR=0.31,95%CI:0.13~0.77)、少数民族老年人选择养老机构的可能性更小(P<0.05)。结论应因地制宜建设民族养老院,尊重少数民族宗教信仰和风俗习惯,关注少数民族独居老年人心理健康,注重人文关怀。Objective Analysis of residential choices and influencing factors for elderly individuals in particular ethnic minorities in China,and provide a basis for improving elderly care services for ethnic minorities.Methods Data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS)in 2018 were used to analyze the basic information,life and health status,and influencing factors of living style choice of the elderly ethnic minorities in China.Results The results showed that 687 elderly ethnic minorities(85.34%)chose to live with their families,94(11.68%)chose to live alone,and 24(2.98%)chose to live in nursing institutions.The results of multinomial logistic regression showed that there were 6 factors affecting the choice of living style among the elderly ethnic minorities.The elderly ethnic minorities who were married(OR=0.32,95%CI:0.19-0.54),divorced(OR=0.60,95%CI:0.10-1.74),and taken care of by community workers(OR=0.41,95%CI:0.20-0.87)were less likely to live alone.Elderly ethnic minority people who had not attended school(OR=0.14,95%CI:0.03-0.74),attended primary school(OR=0.03,95%CI:0.01-0.24)or junior high school(OR=0.10,95%CI:0.01-0.86),having social security or commercial insurance(OR=0.31,95%CI:0.13-0.77),were less likely to choose nursing institutions.Condusions We should build nursing homes for ethnic minorities according to local conditions,respect the religious beliefs and customs of ethnic minorities,pay attention to the mental health and social wellbeing of the empty nesters among the elderly ethnic minority people.

关 键 词：老年人 居住方式 少数民族 养老院 

分 类 号：R197[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]