唐朝墩景教寺院圣台和圣堂的考古学研究  

Archaeological investigation of Bema and sanctuaries in the Church of the East temple at Tangchaodun

作　　者：任冠[1] 杜梦 Ren Guan;Du Meng

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学历史学院

出　　处：《西域研究》2024年第3期45-55,170,171,共13页The Western Regions Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“唐朝墩古城遗址考古资料的整理与研究”(项目编号:21CKG016);“考古中国———新疆考古项目——唐朝墩古城遗址考古发掘”项目的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：2021~2023年,唐朝墩古城遗址考古工作中发现并清理出1处唐代至元代的景教(东叙利亚基督教)寺院遗址,由西侧的主体建筑和东侧的生活区构成。寺院主体建筑为开展宗教活动的区域,其中北组中殿内清理出1处结构特殊的高台建筑,判断为景教的标志性建筑之一Bema,根据其功能内涵译为圣台。圣台东侧对应的房间在外文文献中称为Sanctuary,译为圣堂,考古工作中清理出早晚两个时期的圣堂。圣堂的改建和圣台的营建,反映了唐朝墩景教寺院宗教礼仪中心从圣堂向圣台的转移,与之同时发生的,还有寺院规模的扩大和等级的提升。圣台和圣堂的考古发现,显示出唐朝墩景教寺院应是东天山北麓一处区域性的中心教堂,为探讨景教的传播路径和发展历程提供了珍贵的实物材料,也再现了丝绸之路新北道沿线多元宗教并存、东西文化交流的繁盛景象。A Church of the East temple remain that spanned from the Tang to Yuan Dynasty had been excavated by the Tangchaodun archaeological expeditions from 2021 to 2023.It comprises the main building in the western section and the habitational quarter in the eastern section.The main building was an area dedicated to religious activities.A peculiar,high⁃level construction was cleared from the middle palace of the northern building group,which we identified as the Bema,one of the diagnostic architec⁃tural features of the Church of the East.According to foreign texts,the room to the east of Bema was the sanctuary,which we have discovered two examples dating to different periods.The reconstruction of sanc⁃tuaries and the construction of Bema reflect the shift of ritualistic focus from the sanctuary to Bema in the Church of the East temple at Tangchaodun.A concurrent event was the expansion of the temple's scale and its elevation in social hierarchy.The discovery of the sanctuary and Bema demonstrates the Church of the East temple at Tangchaodun was a regional religious centre at the northern foothill of the eastern Tian⁃shan Mountains.It provides valuable physical evidence for studying the transmission and developmental trajectories of the Church of the East,and also reflects the spectacle of east⁃west cultural exchanges and the co⁃existence of various religions along the northern route of the Silk Road.

关 键 词：唐朝墩古城 景教 圣台 圣堂 丝绸之路 

分 类 号：K878.6[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]