北京市海淀区农业外来入侵植物  

Agricultural alien invasive plants in Haidian district,Beijing

作　　者：张岳 张国良[1] 郑禾 孔垂智 宋振[1] 王忠辉 田晨旭 张莅宸 付卫东[1] ZHANG Yue;ZHANG Guoliang;ZHENG He;KONG Chuizhi;SONG Zhen;WANG Zhonghui;TIAN Chenxu;ZHANG Lichen;FU Weidong(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Haidian District Agricultural Technology Comprehensive Service Center,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [2]海淀区农业技术综合服务中心,北京100193

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2024年第8期2304-2312,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：海淀区农业外来入侵物种普查技术服务(2022110043007554)资助。

摘　　要：海淀区以发展现代都市农业为主,受人类影响更频繁更直接,更易遭受外来植物入侵。本研究在完善海淀区农业外来入侵植物本底数据的基础上,明确农业外来植物的入侵现状,以期为外来植物入侵防控、生物多样性保护与生态安全管理提供依据。本研究实地踏查了海淀区5个涉农乡镇48个位点的外来入侵植物。记录生境、调查面积、外来入侵物种种类、危害对象等信息,并查阅文献书籍资料获取原产地、生活型等特征信息。根据实地踏查结果,选择危害重、分布广的圆叶牵牛(Ipomoea purpurea)、反枝苋(Amaranthus retroflexus)等12种植物开展标准样地调查,以平均盖度量化危害程度。海淀区5个涉农乡镇共有18科35属55种外来入侵植物,以双子叶植物(16科32属52种,占比94.5%)为主体。菊科和苋科的外来入侵植物种类占绝对优势,分别为18种(32.7%)和10种(18.2%);一年生草本植物(37种,67.3%)为主要生活型;原产北美洲的物种最多(29种,52.7%),其次为南美洲(17种,30.9%)。圆叶牵牛、反枝苋、裂叶牵牛(Ipomoea hederacea)、小蓬草(Erigeron canadensis)、婆婆针(Bidens bipinnata)、苘麻(Abutilon theophrasti)、凹头苋(Amaranthus blitum)、皱果苋(Amaranthus viridis)、菊芋(Helianthus tuberosus)、意大利苍耳(Xanthium italicum)、牛膝菊(Galinsoga parviflora)和粗毛牛膝菊(Galinsoga quadriradiata)等10种外来入侵植物分布范围广(出现频率超过40%)且危害程度严重(除小蓬草和苘麻外)。在海淀区,分布范围广且造成严重危害的农业外来入侵植物种类多。建议持续开展外来入侵植物实地调查和监测工作、提高技术人员的专业能力、继续完善外来入侵植物清单并持续做好公众科普教育工作。Modern urban agriculture in Haidian District is much more frequently and directly affected by human beings,making it more susceptible to alien plant invasion.In this study,we improved the basic dataset of agricultural alien invasive plants in Haidian District and comprehended the invasive status of agricultural invasive plants,aiming to provide a basis for the prevention and control of alien invasive plants,biodiversity conservation,and ecological security management.We preliminarily surveyed alien invasive plants at 48 sites in five agricultural towns in Haidi-an District.We collected data of habitats,investigation area,species composition,and damage objects,consulting the literature to obtain characteristic information,such as origin and life form.According to the preliminary results,we selected 12 heavily harmful and widely distributed species,including Ipomoea purpurea and Amaranthus ret-roflexus,for plot inventory,and quantified the damage level by average coverage.A total of 18 families,35 genera,and 55 species of invasive plants were recorded across the five agricultural towns in Haidian District.Dicotyledonous plants(16 families,32 genera,and 52 species,accounting for 94.5%)were the dominant.Meanwhile,Composi-tae and Amaranthaceae were the dominant families,with 18(32.7%)and 10 species(18.2%),respectively.Furthermore,annual herbaceous plants(37 species,67.3%)were the most common life form.Most alien species originated from North America(29 species,52.7%),followed by South America(17 species,30.9%).Ipomoea purpurea,Amaranthus retroflexus,Ipomoea hederacea,Erigeron canadensis,Bidens bipinnata,Abutilon theophrasti,Amaranthus blitum,Amaranthus viridis,Helianthus tuberosus,Xanthium italicum,Galinsoga parviflora,and Galinsoga quadriradiata were all widely distributed(with occurrence frequency over 40%)and extremely harmful(other than Erigeron canadensis and Abutilon theophrasti).In Haidian District,there were numerous agricultural alien invasive plant species with wide distribution and serious damage.We suggest

关 键 词：海淀区 外来入侵植物 分布格局 危害程度 防控建议 

分 类 号：S45[农业科学—植物保护]