松嫩平原春玉米全生育期干旱特征  

Drought characteristics of springmaize during the wholegrowth period in Songnen Plain

作　　者：张富国 段居琦[4] 蒋志慧 靳亚忠[6] 张有利[1,2,3] ZHANG Fuguo;DUAN Juqi;JIANG Zhihui;JIN Yazhong;ZHANG Youli(CollegeofAgriculture,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,Heilongjiang,China;Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P.R.China,Daqing 163319,Heilongjiang,China;National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center,Daqing 163319,Heilongjiang,China;National Climate Centre,China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081,China;Daqing Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Daqing 163000,Heilongjiang,China;College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆163319 [2]农业农村部东北平原农业绿色低碳重点实验室,黑龙江大庆163319 [3]国家杂粮工程技术中心,黑龙江大庆163319 [4]中国气象局国家气候中心,北京100081 [5]大庆市农业技术推广中心,黑龙江大庆163000 [6]黑龙江八一农垦大学园艺园林学院,黑龙江大庆163319

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2024年第8期2421-2432,共12页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2023J043);中央引导地方科技发展专项(DQKJJYD-0002);黑龙江省“双一流”新一轮建设学科协同创新成果建设项目(LJGXCG2022-107)资助。

摘　　要：为明确松嫩平原春玉米各生育期的干旱特征及趋势,采用2001—2020年松嫩平原气象数据,以作物水分亏缺指数(CWDI)为衡量指标分析松嫩平原春玉米干旱变化特征。结果表明:松嫩平原春玉米全生育期内,降水量与需水量的变化趋势相近,均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,并在7月中、下旬达到峰值;CWDI呈现先下降后上升的趋势,7月中、下旬达到最低值,在生育初期和后期较高,干旱发生程度较重;全生育期、播种-出苗、抽穗-乳熟阶段呈干旱化趋势,出苗-抽穗、乳熟-成熟阶段呈湿润化趋势,除出苗-拔节阶段外均具有显著性,干旱逐步向生育后期转移;松嫩平原春玉米各生育阶段,轻旱的影响范围相较于其他等级干旱占据主导地位,其次为中旱、重旱和特旱,在空间分布上干旱发生频率大致表现为西高东低,北高南低。未来需加强对干旱的监测预警工作,增加干旱灾害防御投入,为玉米稳产保供提供有力的保障。The drought characteristics and trend of spring maize in Songnen Plain were studied by using the meteor-ological data from 2001 to 2020 and the crop water deficit index(CWDI).The results showed that during the whole growth period of spring maize,the variation trend of precipitation and water demand in Songnen Plain was similar,both showed a trend of first rising and then decreasing,and peaked in mid-late July.CWDI showed a trend of de-creasing first and then rising,and reached the lowest value in the mid-late July.Drought was more severe in the early and late stages of growth.A trend of drying occurred in whole growth stage,seeding-emerging stage,and heading-milking stage,while a trend of wetting occurred in emerging-heading stage and milking-ripening stage,with such trends being significant except for the emerging-jointing stage,and the drought gradually shifted to the late stage of growth.In each growth stage,the influence scope of light drought was predominant,followed by moder-ate drought,severe drought,and extreme drought.Spatially,drought occurrence frequency was generally higher in the west and lower in the east,and higher in the north and lower in the south.It is necessary to strengthen the mo-nitoring and early warning of drought in the future and increase the input of drought disaster prevention,which can provide strong guarantee for stable yield and supply of maize.

关 键 词：水分亏缺指数 干旱 春玉米 松嫩平原 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]