维生素C工业废母液对不结球白菜氮素利用及品质的影响  

Effects of industrial vitamin C production-residue after evaporation on nitrogen utilization and quality of non-heading Chinese cabbage

作　　者：葛小艺 高明夫 徐慧[2,3] GE Xiaoyi;CAO Mingfu;XU Hui(School of Life Science,Liaoning University,Shenyang 110036,China;Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;Scientific Innovation Center for Contemporary Agriculture of Kuqa City,Kuqa 842000,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学生命科学院,沈阳110036 [2]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016 [3]新疆库车市现代农业科创中心,新疆库车842000

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2024年第8期2448-2454,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFA0907800);沈阳市科技计划项目(22322305)资助。

摘　　要：促进作物对氮肥的吸收和同化对提高作物产量、改善品质至关重要。目前,低分子量有机质对植物利用土壤氮素的影响研究鲜有报道。本研究目的在于探究以小分子有机酸为主要成分的维生素C工业废弃液古龙酸母液(RAE)在不结球白菜(Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis)利用土壤氮素过程中发挥的作用。结果表明:施用RAE后,氮肥农学效率、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥生理利用率和氮肥表观利用率分别提高171.2%、57.9%、46.1%和86.1%;施用RAE显著促进了植株生长,叶片总氮积累量和生物量分别提高60.7%和57.9%;同时,叶绿素含量提高16.7%,可溶性蛋白和游离氨基酸含量分别提高65.4%和15.1%,且亚硝酸盐还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶和谷氨酸合成酶表达水平上调,表明光合作用得到强化,显著促进了无机氮同化;RAE能够显著提高氮肥利用率,在增加作物产量的同时,还可以改善作物品质。本研究为RAE的资源化利用提供了科学依据,并为提高氮肥利用率带来一种具有潜在应用前景的有机增效剂。Promoting the uptake and assimilation of nitrogen fertilizer is crucial for improving crop yield and quali-ty.However,the effect of low-molecular-weight organic matters on soil nitrogen utilization by plants remains un-clear.Here,we investigated the effect of industrial vitamin C production-residue after evaporation(RAE),which is mainly composed of small-molecule organic acids,on the utilization of soil nitrogen by non-heading Chinese cab-bage(Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis).The results showed that RAE application increased nitrogen fertilizer ag-ronomic efficiency,nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity,nitrogen fertilizer physiological efficiency,and nitrogen fertilizer apparent efficiency by 171.2%,57.9%,46.1%,and 86.1%,respectively.Plant growth was significantly promoted,with an increase of total nitrogen accumulation and biomass of leaves by 60.7%and 57.9%,respective-ly.Meanwhile,chlorophyll content was increased by 16.7%,and soluble protein and free amino acid contents were increased by 65.4%and 15.1%,respectively.Furthermore,the expression levels of nitrite reductase,glutamine synthetase,and glutamate synthase were up-regulated,indicating that photosynthesis was enhanced and inorganic nitrogen assimilation was significantly promoted.In conclusion,RAE could improve nitrogen use efficiency,yield and quality of non-heading Chinese cabbage.This study provided a scientific basis for resource utilization of RAE as a potential organic synergist for improving nitrogen fertilizer utilization.

关 键 词：有机酸 不结球白菜 氮肥 同化 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S634[农业科学—蔬菜学] X703[农业科学—园艺学]