税收激励、人力资本投入与企业数字化发展  

Tax Incentives,Human Capital Investment and Firms’Digital Development

作　　者：李建军 赵薇 吴周易 Li Jianjun;Zhao Wei;Wu Zhouyi

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学财政税务学院

出　　处：《财政研究》2024年第5期40-55,共16页Public Finance Research

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“数字经济时代我国税收制度适配性研究”(23&ZD064)。

摘　　要：推动企业数字化发展是加快形成新质生产力的内在要求,人力资本投入是企业数字化的核心动力之一。税收政策中存在促进人力资本积累的丰富设计,本文利用双重差分方法检验企业人力资本投入激励政策如何影响企业数字化发展。研究发现,该政策能够显著促进企业的数字化转型和数字技术创新,且在职工教育支出比例更高、劳动和技术密集型、人力资本水平更高以及成本和税负转嫁能力较弱的企业中效果更佳。机制检验表明,提高职工教育经费税前扣除比例能够通过降低职工教育实际成本,增加企业职工教育经费支出,并缓解企业融资约束,带动企业数字资本和研发投入,进而促进企业的数字化发展。进一步分析发现,该政策能够强化企业数字化发展对企业生产率的提升效应,加快企业形成新质生产力。本研究有助于深入剖析企业数字化发展的微观机理,也为精准设计税收激励政策激发企业数字化发展和新质生产力形成提供经验支撑。The formation of new quality productive forces requires the digital development,and investment in human capital is one of the driving factors of enterprise digitalization.Tax policies to promote human capital accumulation have a rich design,and this study uses the difference in difference method to test how tax incentives for human capital investment affect firms’digital development.The results show that the policy can significantly promote firms’digital transformation and digital technology innovation,and the effect is better among firms with a higher proportion of expenditure on employee education,which are labor-and technology-intensive,with higher levels of human capital,and with a weaker ability to pass on costs and tax burdens.Mechanism tests show that the increase in the proportion of tax credit on firms’on-the-job-training expenses can improve firms’expenditure on employee education by lowering the actual cost of employee education,as well as easing the financing constraints of enterprises,driving digital capital and R&D investment,and thus promoting firms’digital development.Further analysis reveals that the policy strengthens the productivity-enhancing effects of digital development on firms and accelerates the formation of new quality productive forces.This study contributes to the deep analysis of the micro-mechanisms of enterprises’digital development and also provides empirical support for precise tax incentives to stimulate enterprises’digital development and the formation of new quality productive forces.

关 键 词：税收激励 人力资本投入 数字化转型 技术创新 新质生产力 

分 类 号：F812.7[经济管理—财政学]