乡土重建:美国早期农业农村社会学中的教会传统  

Reconstruction of Rural Community:Church Tradition in Early American Agricultural and Rural Sociology

作　　者：傅春晖 FU Chunhui

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学人文与发展学院

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期152-166,共15页Journal of China Agricultural University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部人文社科基金青年项目“民国时期农村社会经济调查的整理与研究”(19YJC840012)。

摘　　要：“进步时代”的美国农村正在经历一场总体性的危机,美国早期的农业农村社会学也是在这个时候兴起的。不同于城市的“拥堵”,乡村问题的前提条件是“孤立”。当时对乡村问题的研究大致分为两个流派,即“乡村主义”和“乡镇主义”,乡村主义认为乡村是一个自足的社会系统,而乡镇主义认为乡村和城市在本质上是一体的,两者之间通过市镇和接近于县城的小城市联结。与此同时,乡村教会也遇到了特定的危机,此时的乡村教会已经不能满足于抚慰人们心灵的传统功能,必须发展出新的形式和功能才能满足新时代的要求。牧师在其中发挥着非常重要的作用,在某种意义上,牧师就是一个扎根在乡村中的社会学者,他需要调查社区需求、激励产业发展、维护共同体利益。而“社区制图”则是一种“认定乡村社会”的社会学方法,致力于从社会组织方面画出乡村区域的图形,并寻求何为这个区域团结的主要因素。通过基督教乡村运动,早期美国农业农村社会学的思想也传播到了中国,燕京、金陵、齐鲁等教会大学都积极投身于农业推广和社区改造,并且结合中国本土特点,发展出了一些适合中国社会的本土化理论和方法。Rural America during the Progressive Era experienced an overall crisis,while early agricultural and rural sociology in the United States.Unlike urban congestion,the primary issue for rural areas was isolation.At that time,research on rural issues was roughly divided into two schools:“ruralism”and“rurbanism”.Ruralism believed that rural areas were self-sufficient social systems,while rurbanism believed that rural areas and cities were essentially integrated,connected by towns and small cities close to county towns.At the same time,rural churches also encountered specific crises,because they could no longer fulfill their traditional function of soothing people's hearts.New forms and functions had to be developed to meet the requirements of the new era.Pastors played a very important role in this process.A pastor needed to be a sociologist rooted in the countryside who would investigate community needs,stimulate industrial development,and maintain community interests.Social topography is a sociological method of identifying rural community.Through the Christian rural movement,the early ideas of American agricultural and rural sociology were also spread to China,and church universities actively engaged in agricultural promotion and community transformation.They combined with China's local characteristics,developing localized theories and methods suitable for Chinese society.

关 键 词：农业社会学 教会 社区制图 

分 类 号：C912.82[经济管理]