基于机器学习的典型岩溶区岩性分类技术-以广西平果地区为例  

Technology of classifying lithology of typical karst areas based on machine learning:Taking the Pingguo area,Guangxi as an example

作　　者：杜伟 孟小前 涂杰楠 刘嵩 胡伟 张益明 戴媛媛 吴漾 DU Wei;MENG Xiaoqian;TU Jienan;LIU Song;HU Wei;ZHANG Yiming;DAI Yuanyuan;WU Yang(State Grid Electric Power Space Technology Company Limited,Beijing 102209,China;China Areo Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Natural Resources,Beijing 100083,China;State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company,Lanzhou,Gansu 730010,China)

机构地区：[1]国网电力空间技术有限公司,北京102209 [2]中国自然资源航空物探遥感中心,北京100083 [3]国网甘肃电力公司,甘肃兰州730010

出　　处：《中国岩溶》2024年第3期606-616,共11页Carsologica Sinica

基　　金：国网总部科技项目(5500-202220144A-1-1-ZN);国网通用航空有限公司管理咨询项目(SGST81950021N003)。

摘　　要：快速准确识别碳酸盐岩对于岩溶区的基础设施建设和重大工程实施十分重要,通过遥感岩性分类实现碳酸盐岩的快速提取目前仍然是最高效的途径之一。文章基于Landsat和AW3D 30DSM遥感数据,以广西平果地区典型岩溶区为研究对象,采用碳酸盐岩的可见光到短波红外的多光谱信息、熵和角二阶矩等纹理信息及曲率和坡度等地形特征,对平果地区岩溶分布区的碳酸盐岩、碎屑岩、第四系及水体进行岩性分类,在选取606个总体样本并验证303个分类样本的基础上,采用最大似然分类方法对区域岩性进行快速分类。结果表明:碳酸盐岩的生产者精度和用户精度分别达到94.54%和97.64%,基本能够实现碳酸盐岩的快速提取和准确识别的需求,在典型岩溶区的岩性分类方法中具有准确率高、实现路径简单、所需数据源易获取的特点,将为典型岩溶区的岩性快速分类提供一种新的思路。Karst is strongly developed in Southwest China,and the geological hazards specific to karst areas may cause serious damage to the local construction facilities;therefore,the rapid identification of carbonate rocks is of great significance for the planning of infrastructure construction such as electric power,transportation,etc.At present,the classification of lithology through remote sensing is still one of the most efficient ways.In this study,on the basis of visible to short-wave infrared multispectral information,texture information such as the second order moments of entropy and angular,and topographic features such as curvature and slope,we proposed a method to classify carbonate rocks,clasolite rocks,Quaternary sediments and water bodies by remote sensing in the Pingguo area to realize automatic extraction of carbonate rocks.This method presents its advantages of obtaining data sources with high accuracy in simple realization path in terms of lithology classification of typical karst areas,and this study can provide a new idea for rapid lithology classification in karst areas.Located in the southwest of Guangxi with subtropical monsoon climate,the Pingguo area is one of the most developed karst areas in China,in which mainly develops limestone,dolomite and their interbedded and interlayered layers of the Triassic Beisi Group and Luolou Group.Karst landforms are distributed in the north,central and southwest of the Pingguo area,and are dominated by the karst peaks and depressions,significantly different from the morphological characteristics of clasolite rocks in the same area.The process of lithology classification and carbonate rock identification in this study mainly included the following steps:data source selection and processing,texture feature extraction,terrain feature extraction,sample sketching and training,and final mapping.The data was mainly from Landsat 8 OLI and AW3D 30 DSM available for the public.The 8-channel data was obtained,based on the synthesis of five multispectral bands including BLU

关 键 词：碳酸盐岩 遥感 最大似然分类 信息提取 平果 

分 类 号：P642.25[天文地球—工程地质学] P627[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]