头足类海洋动物中寄生虫研究进展  

Progress of the studies on parasites in Cephalopods

作　　者：方舟[1,2,3,4] 舒月 FANG Zhou;SHU Yue(College of Marine Living Resource Sciences and Management,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai 201306,China;National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Oceanic Fisheries,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋生物资源与管理学院,上海201306 [2]大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [3]国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [4]农业农村部大洋渔业可持续利用重点实验室,上海201306

出　　处：《上海海洋大学学报》2024年第4期1043-1052,共10页Journal of Shanghai Ocean University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金(42306117);上海市科技创新行动计划(19DZ1207502);农业农村部外海渔业开发重点实验室开放基金(LOF 2021-01)。

摘　　要：头足类是海洋生态系统中重要组成部分之一,以头足类为中间宿主或终末宿主的寄生虫广泛存在于海洋食物链的不同营养级中。由于寄生虫生活史的特殊性,其生命周期会贯穿宿主的整个或部分生活史,对宿主的生长和生存产生极大的影响。目前针对寄生于头足类的寄生虫研究主要集中于种类组成、生活史、感染状况等方面。因此,本文对头足类动物感染寄生虫的研究现状进行了总结。结果显示,感染头足类的寄生虫类群主要有二胚虫、绦虫和线虫等。二胚虫不仅是头足类所特有的寄生虫,同时其终末宿主也均为头足类,其成熟与繁殖都在头足类肾脏中进行。而作为中间宿主,头足类极易被绦虫和线虫的幼体所感染,且感染率相对较高,感染部位主要是胃壁和体腔。线虫是头足类感染寄生虫物种中最丰富和最常见的种类之一,会对宿主产生重要的病理影响。其他种类的寄生虫也会在一定程度上影响头足类的生理特征。目前针对头足类中的寄生虫研究仍处于初级阶段,因此在后续的研究中,建议加快建立头足类中寄生虫开放数据库,扩充并共享寄生虫的种类信息;深入探究头足类中寄生虫种类的生命过程,进一步了解其在宿主生长过程中所产生的影响;尝试利用头足类中的寄生虫作为宿主种群划分的生物标记,为头足类的渔业可持续开发利用提供新思路。Cephalopods are widely distributed in the world′s oceans and are among the most important species in the marine ecosystem due to their short life cycle,fast growth rate and extremely rich biomass.Like other marine organisms,cephalopods are at risk of being infected by parasites,often acting as either intermediate or final hosts for different species of parasites.Due to the unique life cycle of parasites,their life cycle can run through the entire or partial life cycle of the host,greatly affecting the growth and survival of cephalopods.Currently,research on parasites in cephalopods mainly focuses on species composition,life history,infection status,and other aspects.This article summarizes the current research status of parasitic infections in cephalopod marine animals.The results show that the main parasites infecting cephalopods are Dicyemida,Cestoda and Nematoda.Dicyemida parasitize cephalopods characteristically,with maturation and reproduction taking place exclusively in the kidneys of cephalopods.Available statistics show that there are 149 species of Dicyemida infecting cephalopods,mainly found within the Sea of Japan,with fewer species found at lower latitudes.Cephalopods,as intermediate hosts,are also susceptible to infection by Cestoda larvae and have a high infection rate.Cestoda mainly parasitize the digestive tract of cephalopods.Due to the large size,stretching,and mobility of Cestoda larvae,they are prone to cause mechanical damage to the host.Nematodes are another common parasites infecting cephalopods,and are primarily ingested as thirdstage larvae of Nematodes,which mostly parasitize the stomach and cecum.Nematodes are among the most abundant and common species of cephalopod parasitic infections,and can have significant pathological effects on the host.Other types of parasites can also affect the physiological characteristics of cephalopods to a certain extent.Research on parasites in cephalopods is still in its early stages.Therefore,future research should focus on accelerating the establishm

关 键 词：头足类 寄生虫 种类组成 生活史过程 感染状况 

分 类 号：S941.5[农业科学—水产养殖]