青海省草畜平衡动态变化过程及预警  

The dynamics and early warning of the balance of forage supply and livestock requirement in Qinghai Province

作　　者：魏迁 赵新全 王军邦[3] 周秉荣[4] 校瑞香[4] 段迎珠 贾科 王文颖 WEI Qian;ZHAO Xin-quan;WANG Jun-bang;ZHOU Bing-rong;XIAO Rui-xiang;DUAN Ying-zhu;JIA Ke;WANG Wen-ying(College of Life Sciences,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810016,China;State Key Laboratory of Sanjiangyuan Ecology and Plateau Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Jointly Built by Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Qinghai Provincial Meteorological Bureau,Xining 810008,China;Qinghai Grassland Improvement Experimental Station,Hainan 813099,Qinghai,China;Plateau Science and Sustainable Development Research Institute,Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Formation Mechanism and Comprehensive Utilization in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海师范大学生命科学学院,西宁810016 [2]青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室,西宁810016 [3]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [4]青海省气象局,西宁810008 [5]青海省草原改良实验站,青海海南813099 [6]青海师范大学高原科学与可持续发展研究院,青藏高原生物资源形成机制与综合利用重点实验室,西宁810016

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第4期480-487,共8页Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0302);中国科学院-青海省人民政府2020年三江源国家公园联合研究专项(LHZX-2020-08);中央林草生态保护恢复资金自然资源调查监测项目(QHXH-2021-017)。

摘　　要：运用CASA模型模拟研究青海省县域尺度1982-2018年草地生态系统净初级生产力时空格局,分析草地生态系统生产力和畜牧承载力,选取理论载畜量作为畜牧承载力评价指标,结合现实载畜量,确定畜牧超载程度及其变化特征.结果表明,青海省县域尺度草地生态系统承载力整体呈现东高西低格局.1990、2000、2010和2018年草地生态系统承载力总体上呈增长趋势,单位面积年平均理论载畜量由1982年的0.420 SHU/hm^(2)(SHU:羊单位)分别上升到0.456、0.497、0.570和0.555 SHU/hm^(2).1982-2018年整体上处于超载状态,截至2018年,整体超载34.5%.红色预警区严重超载县域24个,亟需及时调整现实载畜量.This study uses the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford approach model to simulate and explore the spatiotemporal pattern of net primary productivity in the grassland ecosystem at the county scale in Qinghai Province from 1982 to 2018.It simulated and analyzed the productivity and livestock carrying capacity of the grassland ecosystem,selected theoretical livestock carrying capacity as an evaluation index,and combined it with actual livestock carrying capacity to determine the degree of livestock overload and its changing characteristics.The results indicated that the overall carrying capacity of grassland ecosystems at the county level in Qinghai Province showed a pattern of being high in the east and low in the west.Compared with 1982,the overall carrying capacity of grassland ecosystems in there showed an increasing trend in 1990,2000,2010,and 2018,with the annual average theoretical livestock carrying capacity per unit area increasing from 0.420 SHU/hm2 to 0.456,0.497,0.570,and 0.555 SHU/hm2.From 1982 to 2018,the overall balance of forage supply and livestock requirement had been in an overloaded state,and as of 2018,the overall overload was 34.5%.There are 24 counties with severe overloading in the red warning zone,and it is urgent to adjust their actual livestock carrying capacity in a timely manner.

关 键 词：草地生态系统 理论载畜量 现实载畜量 CASA模型 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]