基准建筑对照法在既有建筑改造消防评估的应用  

Application of Comparative Benchmarking Method in Fire Protection Design in the Renovation of Existing Buildings

作　　者：李百毅 林鹏[2] 宋晓勇 朱磊 张颖 史杨华 LI Baiyi;LIN Peng;SONG Xiaoyong;ZHU Lei;ZHANG Ying;SHI Yanghua(Chengdu Fire Protection and Rescue Research Center,Chengdu 610097,China;Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610097,China;Fire and Rescue Department of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 610097,China;Fire Protection Department of Sichuan Provincial Department of Housing and Urban Rural Development,Chengdu 610199,China;Faculty of Emergency and Safety,Sichuan University of Science&Engineering,Zigong 643000,China;Sichuan Construction Engineering Fire Protection and Survey Design Technology Center,Chengdu 610199,China)

机构地区：[1]成都市消防安全治理技术保障中心,成都610097 [2]西南交通大学地球科学与工程学院,成都610097 [3]四川消防救援总队,成都610097 [4]四川省住房和城乡建设厅消防监督处,成都610199 [5]四川轻化工大学应急与安全学院,四川自贡643000 [6]四川省建设工程消防和勘察设计技术中心,成都610199

出　　处：《四川轻化工大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第4期84-91,共8页Journal of Sichuan University of Science & Engineering(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71974161);住房和城乡建设部基金项目(12020220062)。

摘　　要：既有建筑改造涉及的消防安全问题是城市更新面临的新问题,在考虑改造方案经济性的基础上,应确保改造建筑的消防安全水平。本文提出了一种不同于国内外既有建筑改造消防安全评估的新方法--基准建筑对照法。基准建筑是完全满足现行防火规范要求,且使用功能、建筑高度和平面布局与拟改造建筑基本一致的建筑。首先通过计算,比较既有建筑和基准建筑的安全性能,如既有建筑的安全性能达到或超过基准建筑,则证明既有建筑的安全水平满足规范所要求的安全水平。然后通过某既有建筑工程案例,构建基准建筑,运用自主开发的建筑疏散软件BESM,模拟了既有建筑和基准建筑的疏散时间。结果表明:当两部楼梯均可使用时,既有建筑的疏散时间为200 s,而基准建筑为382 s;当仅一部楼梯可用时,既有建筑的疏散时间为369 s,而基准建筑为658 s。模拟结果证实既有建筑的安全性能不低于基准建筑。基准建筑对照法将经验判断提升为工程学判定,可应用于既有建筑消防改造的安全评估。The fire safety issues involved in the renovation of existing buildings are new issues facing urban renewal.Based on the consideration of the economic feasibility of the renovation plan,the fire safety level of the renovated buildings should be ensured.A new method for fire safety assessment of renovation of existing buildings,i.e.,benchmark building comparison method,is proposed.The benchmark building is a building that fully meets the requirements of current fire safety regulations,and its functional use,building height,and layout are basically consistent with the proposed renovation building.By quantitative calculation,compare the safety performance of existing buildings and benchmark buildings.If the safety performance of existing buildings reaches or exceeds the benchmark building,it proves that the safety level of existing buildings meets the safety level required by the regulations.Through an existing construction project case,a benchmark building is constructed,and the evacuation time of both the existing building and the benchmark building is simulated using the self-developed building evacuation software BESM.The simulation results verified that when both stairs can be used,the evacuation time of the existing building is 200 seconds,while the benchmark building is 382 seconds;when only one staircase is available,the evacuation time of the existing building is 369 seconds,while the benchmark building is 658 seconds;the simulation confirms that the safety performance of existing buildings is not lower than that of benchmark buildings.The benchmark building comparison method transfers from qualitative experience to quantitative engineering method and can be applied to safety assessment of fire protection renovation of existing buildings.

关 键 词：既有建筑改造 消防评估方法 基准建筑 基准建筑对照法 

分 类 号：TU892[建筑科学]