长期不同施肥对小麦田土壤固碳细菌群落结构和多样性的影响  

Effects of long-term different fertilization on the structure and diversity of CO_(2)-assimilating bacterial communities in wheat field soils

作　　者：海香 刘仟龙 庞波 王慧 杨殿林 刘红梅 赵建宁 HAI Xiang;LIU Qianlong;PANG Bo;WANG Hui;YANG Dianlin;LIU Hongmei;ZHAO Jianning(Agro-Environmental Protection Institute,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tianjin 300191,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部环境保护科研监测所,天津300191

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2024年第8期1796-1804,共9页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

摘　　要：为研究不同施肥措施对华北潮土区小麦田土壤固碳细菌群落结构和多样性的影响,为华北地区农田合理施肥提供数据支持,本研究以农业农村部环境保护科研监测所长期施肥试验为平台,利用高通量测序技术,研究不施肥对照(CK)、单施有机肥(M)、单施氮肥(N)、无机肥配施(NPK)、有机肥配施无机肥(MNPK)5种不同施肥措施对小麦田土壤固碳细菌群落结构和多样性的影响。结果表明:MNPK处理的土壤固碳细菌Shannon指数最高,显著高于M、N、NPK和CK处理;M、N和NPK处理的Shannon指数与CK无显著差异。影响固碳细菌α多样性指数的主要影响因素是微生物量碳、微生物量氮、硝态氮、铵态氮、全氮和pH值。华北平原农田土壤固碳细菌优势菌群相对丰度发生改变,门水平上,变形菌门(Proteobacteria,96.11%~99.97%)为优势菌门;与CK相比,4种施肥处理显著降低了变形菌门相对丰度。在纲水平上,优势菌纲为γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria,68.31%~89.14%)、α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria,4.29%~27.32%)和β-变形菌纲(Betaproteobacteria,1.62%~7.71%);与CK相比,N、NPK和MNPK处理显著降低了γ-变形菌纲相对丰度,M处理显著增加了γ-变形菌纲相对丰度;NPK、MNPK处理显著增加了α-变形菌纲的相对丰度,而M处理显著降低α-变形菌纲的相对丰度;4种施肥处理显著增加了β-变形菌纲的相对丰度。冗余分析结果显示,不同施肥处理土壤pH值、微生物量碳、微生物量氮、硝态氮、铵态氮、土壤总有机碳和C/N是影响土壤固碳细菌群落特征变化的主要影响因子。研究表明,长期有机肥配施无机肥处理更有利于土壤微生物固碳,土壤pH降低和养分积累是土壤固碳细菌群落和多样性变化的重要原因。The study aimed to investigate the effects of different fertilization methods on the soil CO_(2)-assimilating bacterial community structure and diversity in wheat fields in the North China Plain,providing data support for rational fertilization in agricultural fields in North China.Using the long-term fertilization experimental of the Environmental Monitoring Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs as the platform,high-throughput sequencing technology was employed to study the effects of five different fertilization methods:control without fertilization(CK),application of organic fertilizer alone(M),application of nitrogen fertilizer alone(N),application of inorganic fertilizer alone(NPK),and combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers(MNPK),on the soil CO_(2)-assimilating bacterial community structure and diversity in wheat fields.The results showed that:The Shannon diversity index of soil CO_(2)-assimilating bacteria was highest under the MNPK treatment,significantly higher than those under M,N,NPK,and CK treatments;there were no significant differences in the Shannon indices between M,N,and NPK treatments and CK.The main factors influencing theαdiversity index of CO_(2)-assimilating bacteria were microbial biomass carbon,microbial biomass nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,total nitrogen,and pH value.The relative abundance of dominant bacterial groups in the CO_(2)-assimilating bacteria community of farmland soils in the North China Plain had changed.At the phylum level,Proteobacteria(96.11%-99.97%)was the dominant group;compared with CK,the four fertilization treatments significantly decreased the relative abundance of the Proteobacteria.At the class level,the dominant classes were Gammaproteobacteria(68.31%-89.14%),Alphaproteobacteria(4.29%-27.32%),and Betaproteobacteria(1.62%-7.71%);compared with CK,the N,NPK,and MNPK treatments significantly reduced the relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria,while the M treatment significantly increased it;the NPK and MNPK trea

关 键 词：施肥 小麦田 固碳细菌 cbbL基因 群落结构 高通量测序 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学] S512.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]