秸秆还田和种植制度对长江中游稻田温室气体排放的影响  

Interaction effects of straw returning and cropping systems on greenhouse gas emissions in rice fields in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River

作　　者：李心雨 邓姣 朱杰 李成伟 蒋梦蝶 刘章勇[1,2] 聂江文 朱波 LI Xinyu;DENG Jiao;ZHU Jie;LI Chengwei;JIANG Mengdie;LIU Zhangyong;NIE Jiangwen;ZHU Bo(Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agriculture use of Wetland,Ministry of Education,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,China;College of Agriculture,Yangtze University Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain Crop Industrialization,Jingzhou 434200,China;Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xiangyang 441000,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心,湖北荆州434025 [2]长江大学农学院主要粮食作物产业化湖北省协同创新中心,湖北荆州434200 [3]湖北省襄阳市农业科学院,湖北襄阳441000

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2024年第8期1915-1927,共13页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFE0209200-04);国家自然科学基金项目(31870424);长江大学湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心开放基金项目(KF202308,KF202309)。

摘　　要：为研究长江中游地区不同稻作种植制度下温室气体排放对秸秆还田的响应,本研究通过田间试验,连续监测秸秆还田和不还田条件下,双季稻、再生稻和春玉米-晚稻(玉稻)3种稻作模式甲烷(CH_(4))、氧化亚氮(N_(2)O)排放通量及土壤理化性质和相关环境因子的变化差异。结果表明:双季稻和再生稻周年CH_(4)累积排放量分别比玉稻模式高175.5%和203.4%(秸秆还田)及109.6%和126.4%(秸秆不还田);秸秆还田导致双季稻周年CH_(4)累积排放量提高了31.4%,再生稻提高了33.9%,但对玉稻模式周年CH_(4)累积排放没有显著影响。无论是否秸秆还田,玉稻模式周年N_(2)O累积排放量显著高于双季稻和再生稻模式;秸秆还田导致玉稻模式周年N_(2)O累积排放量增加36.3%,双季稻模式增加43.7%,但对再生稻模式周年N_(2)O累积排放量没有显著影响。相关分析显示,CH_(4)排放量与气温及土壤含水量呈显著正相关,与硝态氮呈显著负相关(P<0.05),而N_(2)O排放量与硝态氮、铵态氮呈显著正相关。在100年尺度CO_(2)当量下,玉稻模式的周年全球增温潜势(GWP)显著低于双季稻和再生稻模式;相对于秸秆不还田,秸秆还田下双季稻模式的周年GWP显著增加31.8%,再生稻模式周年GWP显著增加32.8%,玉稻模式的周年GWP在秸秆还田和不还田下无显著差异。在所有处理中,周年GWP主要由CH_(4)排放贡献,N_(2)O排放引起的增温潜势占比较小,表明减少稻作系统CH_(4)排放对减缓温室效应至关重要。无论秸秆是否还田,玉稻模式周年温室气体排放强度(GHGI)均低于双季稻和再生稻模式,秸秆还田对不同稻作系统的周年GHGI均无显著影响。综上所述,秸秆还田对温室气体排放的影响程度因稻作模式而异,玉米-晚稻轮作是一种生态环境友好型的稻田种植模式。Adopting straw-returning practices and modifying green cropping systems have been demonstrated to enhance soil health and increase crop productivity.However,the impact of straw returning on greenhouse gas emissions within various rice cropping systems along the middle reaches of the Yangtze River remains uncertain.In this study,the emission fluxes of methane(CH_(4))and nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)and the changes in soil physicochemical properties and related environmental factors of three rice cropping systems,namely,double cropping rice,ratoon rice,and spring maize-late rice,were continuously monitored under the conditions of straw return to the fields and non-return to the fields through field experiments.The annual cumulative CH_(4) emissions were 175.5%and 203.4%(straw returned to the field)and 109.6%and 126.4%(straw not returned to the field)higher in the double cropping rice and ratoon rice system,respectively,than in the maize rice system.Straw returned to the field increased the annual cumulative CH_(4) emissions by 31.4%in the double cropping rice system and 33.9%in the ratoon rice system but did not significantly affect the annual cumulative CH_(4) emission of the maize-rice system.Regardless of whether the straw was returned to the field or not,the annual cumulative N_(2)O emission of the maize-rice system was significantly higher than that of the double cropping rice and ratoon rice systems;the straw returned to the field increased the annual cumulative N_(2)O emission of the maize-rice system by 36.3%and that of the double cropping rice system by 43.7%.However,it did not significantly affect the annual N_(2)O cumulative emission of the ratoon rice system.Correlation analysis showed that CH_(4) emission was significantly positively correlated with air temperature and soil moisture content and significantly negatively correlated with nitrate nitrogen(P<0.05),while N_(2)O emission was significantly positively correlated with nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen.The annual global warming potential(GWP)of the

关 键 词：再生稻 玉米水稻轮作 甲烷 氧化亚氮 全球增温潜势 温室气体排放强度 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]