磷肥施用量对紫花苜蓿建植当年生物量累积和磷素吸收规律的影响  

Effect of Phosphorus Fertilizer Application Rate on Biomass Accumulation and Phosphorus Absorption of Alfalfa in Planting Year

作　　者：单新河 张运龙 王显国[1] 刘泽宇 孙洪仁[1] SHAN Xinhe;ZHANG Yunlong;WANG Xianguo;LIU Zeyu;SUN Hongren(College of Grassland Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;College of Prataculture,Inner Mongolia Minzu University,Tongliao 028000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学草业科学与技术学院,北京100193 [2]内蒙古民族大学草业学院,内蒙古通辽028000

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2024年第8期63-71,共9页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：国家牧草产业技术体系项目(CARS-34)。

摘　　要：为探究磷肥施用量对科尔沁沙地紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)生物量累积和磷素吸收规律的影响,选取‘骑士T’苜蓿为供试材料,设置4个施磷梯度,磷肥用量分别为0 kg/hm^(2)(P0)、81 kg/hm^(2)(P1)、162 kg/hm^(2)(P2)和243 kg/hm^(2)(P3),测定苜蓿全生育时期株高、地上生物量和磷素浓度,并计算磷素吸收量,进行综合分析。结果表明:1)苜蓿初花期到盛花期,与不施磷相比,P2和P3处理下株高显著增高(P<0.05),增幅为13.03%~18.64%。2)苜蓿现蕾期到盛花期,P2处理较P0生物量显著增加(P<0.05),分别增加了34.08%、50.21%和63.25%;苜蓿盛花期,与不施磷相比,P2和P3处理下生物量均显著增加(P<0.05),增幅为63.25%和54.21%,且两处理间差异不显著;各施磷处理下生物量的磷肥有效性均在盛花期时最高。3)苜蓿分枝前期到孕蕾期,磷素浓度和磷素吸收量均随磷肥施用量的增加不断增大,且各磷肥处理下苜蓿磷素吸收量的磷肥有效性均在孕蕾期时最高;苜蓿盛花期磷素吸收量随施磷量增加呈先升高后降低趋势,P2处理是拐点。4)随施磷量增加,苜蓿各生育时期磷素利用率和磷素偏生产力均降低。综上所述,在科尔沁沙地,与施磷量81 kg/hm^(2)和243 kg/hm^(2)相比,162 kg/hm^(2)是该地区苜蓿建植适宜施磷量,且孕蕾期和盛花期是磷肥施用关键时期。该研究可为苜蓿生产力提升及磷素营养高效利用提供参考。To explore the effects of phosphorus fertilizer application on biomass accumulation and phosphorus uptake of alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)in Horqin Sandy Land,four phosphorus fertilizer application rates were set up,including 0 kg/hm^(2)(P0),81 kg/hm^(2)(P1),162 kg/hm^(2)(P2)and 243 kg/hm^(2)(P3).The plant height,aboveground biomass and phosphorus concentration of alfalfa′Knight T′were measured during the whole growth period,and the phosphorus uptake are calculated.The results showed the following:1)From initial bloom stage to full bloom stage,P2 and P3 significantly increased plant height by 13.03%-18.64%than P0(P<0.05).2)From bud stage to full bloom stage,P2 significantly increased biomass by 34.08%,50.21%,and 63.25%compared with P0(P<0.05).During the full bloom stage of alfalfa,P2 and P3 increased biomass by 63.25%and 54.21%than P0(P<0.05),with no significant difference between P2 and P3.The effectiveness of phosphorus fertilizer on biomass was the highest at full bloom stage under all phosphorus application treatments.3)From the prebranching stage to the embryonic stage of alfalfa,both phosphorus concentration and phosphorus absorption increase continuously with the increase of phosphate fertilizer application,and the effectiveness of phosphorus fertilizer for alfalfa phosphorus absorption under various phosphorus fertilizer treatments was highest during the embryonic stage.The phosphorus uptake during the full bloom stage of alfalfa showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of phosphorus application rate,and P2 treatment was the turning point.4)With the increase of phosphorus application rate,the phosphorus utilization efficiency and phosphorus partial productivity of alfalfa decreased at each growth stage.In summary,compared with the application rate of 81 kg/hm^(2)and 243 kg/hm^(2),162 kg/hm^(2)was the appropriate amount of phosphorus for alfalfa planting in the Horqin Sandy Land,and the embryonic stage and full bloom stage was the key periods for phosphorus fertilizer appl

关 键 词：施磷量 苜蓿 生物量累积 养分吸收量 科尔沁沙地 

分 类 号：S541.1[农业科学—作物学]