我国中老年人群心血管疾病可改变危险因素流行状况调查  

Prevalence of modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among middle-aged and elderly populations in China

作　　者：隋茜茜 王枫岭[1] 王雪芹[1] 张永波[1] 吴寒 SUI Xi-xi;WANG Feng-ling;WANG Xue-qin;ZHANG Yong-bo;WU Han(Chest Hospital of Zhengzhou University,Henan Provincial Chest Hospital,Henan Zhengzhou 450008,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学附属胸科医院河南省胸科医院,河南郑州450008

出　　处：《江苏预防医学》2024年第3期304-306,313,共4页Jiangsu Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：河南省医学科技攻关计划项目(201602302)。

摘　　要：目的了解我国中老年人群心血管疾病(CVD)可改变危险因素流行状况。方法选取2015年中国健康与养老追踪调查项目中有体检信息中老年人(≥45岁)共15462人纳入研究。纳入CVD可改变危险因素包括吸烟、超重或肥胖、高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常。多重插补法填补缺失数据后,分析我国中老年人群CVD可改变危险因素流行状况及性别、城乡差异。结果15462人中,平均年龄(60.87±9.97)岁,曾经吸烟率为14.8%,当前吸烟率为28.9%,超重率为32.7%,肥胖率为13.0%,高血压患病率为33.2%,糖尿病患病率为10.1%,血脂异常患病率为16.7%。有1种危险因素占39.7%,合并2种占22.0%,合并≥3种占11.6%。男性当前吸烟率、曾经吸烟率均高于女性,女性超重、肥胖、高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常患病率均高于男性;农村人口当前吸烟率高于城市人口,城市人口超重、肥胖、高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常患病率均高于农村人口;以上差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。结论我国中老年人群CVD可改变危险因素流行形势较严峻,应充分考虑性别和城乡差异,实施针对性干预措施。Objective To investigate the prevalence of modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease(CVD)among middle-aged and elderly populations in China.Methods A total of 15462 middle-aged and elderly patients at ages of 45 years and older with physical examinations data in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)in 2015 were enrolled.Modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease(CVD)were included,including smoking,overweight or obesity,hypertension,diabetes and dyslipidemia.Missing data were filled with the multiple imputation method,and the prevalence of modifiable risk factors for CVD and gender-and region-specific prevalence were analyzed among middle-aged and elderly populations in China.Results The subjects had a mean age of(60.87±9.97)years,and 14.8%prevalence of past smoking,28.9%prevalence of current smoking,32.7%prevalence of overweight,13.0%prevalence of obesity,33.2%prevalence of hypertension,10.1%prevalence of diabetes,and 16.7%prevalence of dyslipidemia.There were 39.7%of subjects with one risk factor,22.0%with two risk factors and 11.6%with three and more risk factors.The prevalence of current and past smoking was higher among men than among women(both P values<0.05),and the prevalence of overweight,obesity,hypertension,diabetes and dyslipidemia was greater among women than among men(all P values<0.05).The prevalence of current smoking was higher among rural populations than among urban populations(P<0.05),and the prevalence of overweight,obesity,hypertension,diabetes and dyslipidemia was higher among urban populations than among rural populations(all P values<0.05).Conclusions The prevalence of modifiable risk factors for CVD is high among middle-aged and elderly populations in China.Targeted interventions are required for modifiable risk factors for CVD tailoring to gender and urban/rural differences.

关 键 词：心血管疾病 吸烟 超重 肥胖 高血压 糖尿病 血脂异常 CHARLS项目 

分 类 号：R195.4[医药卫生—卫生统计学]