不同处理对玉米籽粒机械收获破碎率影响的研究  

Study on the Effects of Different Treatments on Mechanical Harvest Broken Rate of Maize Grains

作　　者：杨柯 姜春霞 张伟[1] 刘恩科[1] 翟广谦 张冬梅 Yang Ke;Jiang Chunxia;Zhang Wei;Liu Enke;Zhai Guangqian;Zhang Dongmei(Shanxi Institute of Organic Dryland Farming,Shanxi Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Sustainable DrylandAgriculture(Co-Construction by Ministry and Province),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture(in Preparation)/Shanxi Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture,Taiyuan 030031,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学山西有机旱作农业研究院/农业农村部有机旱作农业重点实验室(部省共建)/省部共建有机旱作农业国家重点实验室(筹)/有机旱作农业山西省重点实验室,山西太原030031

出　　处：《作物杂志》2024年第4期138-143,共6页Crops

基　　金：山西农业大学省部共建有机旱作农业国家重点实验室自主研发项目(202105D121008);山西省农业科学院科技创新研究项目(YCX2020YQ59);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300305)。

摘　　要：为研究不同处理对玉米籽粒破碎率的影响,分析籽粒破碎率在实验室和实际机收下的关系,探索一种测试破碎率的便捷方式,设置不同的试验,包括品种、施氮量、播期、收获期,通过室内研磨测试不同孔径下籽粒的破碎率,并拟合机械收获过程中破碎率曲线。结果表明,不同品种、施氮量、播期、收获期籽粒破碎率之间差异明显,籽粒类型偏角质、减氮25%、收获期适当推迟可以提升籽粒耐破碎性。籽粒机械收获时含水率与破碎率呈二次曲线关系,当含水率为21.95%时,破碎率最低,为4.32%;含水率与实验室内研磨籽粒孔径为2.36 mm筛子计算出的破碎率呈二次曲线关系,回归曲线方程分析相近。本研究通过室内研磨籽粒测试破碎率(2.36 mm)模拟籽粒机械实际收获时的破碎率,为选育适宜籽粒机收品种提供测试破碎率更灵活便捷的方式。In order to study the effects of different treatments on the main grain broken rate,analyzetherelationship between the grain broken rate of laboratory and actual machine harvest,and explore a convenient way to test the broken rate,the experimental settings including varieties,nitrogen application rate,sowingdateand harvest period,and the broken rate under different pore size sieves of indoor ground grains were studiedrespectively,and the curve of the broken rate in mechanical harvesting process was simulated.The resultsshowed that there were obvious differences of grain broken rate between different varieties,nitrogen applicationrates,sowing dates and harvest dates,and the selection of grain type keratin,25%reduction in nitrogenandappropriate postponement of harvest date could improve the broken resistance of grains.The moisture content and the broken rate at the time of mechanical harvesting had a quadratic relationship,when the moisture content was 21.95%,the lowest broken rate was 4.32%,and the moisture content and the broken rate calculatedbythesieve with a grinding pore size of 2.36 mm in the laboratory had a quadratic relationship,the regressioncurveequation analysis showed similar result.The broken rate(2.36 mm)can be tested by indoor grinding,whichmimics the broken rate of actual mechanical harvesting,thus providing a more flexible and convenient wayforselecting suitable varieties for harvesting to test the grain broken rate.

关 键 词：玉米 籽粒收获 耐破碎性 破碎率 

分 类 号：S225.51[农业科学—农业机械化工程]