水氮胁迫对春小麦产量与水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of water and nitrogen deficit on yield and water use efficiency of spring wheat

作　　者：曹润宁 黄兴法[1] 王浩莎 CAO Running;HUANG Xingfa;WANG Haosha(College of Water Resources&Civil Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture in Wuwei of Gansu Province,Wuwei Gansu 733000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院,北京100083 [2]甘肃武威绿洲农业高效用水国家野外科学观测研究站,甘肃武威733000

出　　处：《农业工程》2024年第8期115-120,共6页AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-03-43);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YED1900401)。

摘　　要：针对干旱地区水资源有限、小麦生产水肥投入过高和水分利用效率低的问题,探讨水氮亏缺对小麦水分利用效率的影响,为建立小麦水分高效利用理论提供一定的依据。2022年在甘肃省武威市设置试验,选定永良4号(YL4)和陇春41号(LC41)两个品种的春小麦作为研究对象,每个品种设置4个处理,包括两个水分处理即充分灌溉W_(1)处理(预测作物需水量)和调亏灌溉W_(2)处理(在拔节-孕穗期和灌浆-成熟期灌溉预测作物需水量的65%,其余生育期灌溉量为充分灌溉处理预测作物需水量的100%),两个氮肥处理即N_(1)处理(当地传统施氮量,220 kg/hm^(2))和N_(2)处理(减量施氮,110 kg/hm^(2)),重点研究节水减氮对于小麦耗水特性、水分利用效率的影响。研究结果表明,春小麦耗水量因水分亏缺和氮素亏缺而显著降低,减量施氮对耗水量的影响不显著,但降低了籽粒产量和水分利用效率。春小麦的水分利用效率受产量和耗水量调控且相关性呈抛物线关系,因此在干旱灌区可通过一定的水氮调控保持产量的同时提高水分利用效率。Aimed at problems of limited water resources,high input of water and fertilizer in wheat production and low water use efficiency in arid irrigation area,influence of water and nitrogen deficit on water use efficiency of wheat was discussed,which provided certain basis for establishing theory of water efficient use of wheat.Taking two wheat varieties“Yongliang4”(YL4)and “Longchun41”(LC41)as plant materials,4 treatments for each varieties were set,including two water irrigation treatments,one was full irrigation(W_(1))in all growth stage,the other was deficit irrigation W_(2)(irrigated 65% of water demand for irrigation crops in jointing-booting stage and grain filling stage,irrigation at other growth stages was 100% of predicted crop water requirement of adequate irrigation treatment),two nitrogen treatments N_1(local conventional nitrogen application,220 kg/hm^(2))and N_(2)(reduced nitrogen application,110 kg/hm^(2)).Effects of water saving and nitrogen reduction on water consumption characteristics and water use efficiency of wheat were studied.Results showed that water consumption of spring wheat was significantly reduced due to water deficit and nitrogen deficit,and effect of reduced nitrogen application on water consumption was not significant,but grain yield and water use efficiency were decreased.Water use efficiency of spring wheat was controlled by yield and water consumption and correlation was parabolic.Therefore,in arid irrigation areas,certain water and nitrogen regulation could be used to maintain yield while improving water use efficiency.

关 键 词：节水减氮 耗水量 水分利用效率 产量 小麦 水氮胁迫 

分 类 号：S274.3[农业科学—农业水土工程]