复杂环境下铀的光电催化分离研究进展  

Advances in Photocatalysis and Electrocatalysis of Uranium Extraction in Complex Environments

作　　者：林涛 何嵘 陈涛 张浩雨 钟连兵 竹文坤[1] LIN Tao;HE Rong;CHEN Tao;ZHANG Hao-yu;ZHONG Lian-bing;ZHU Wen-kun(Collaborative Innovation Center for Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety,Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety Key Laboratory of Defense,State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials,School of National Defense Science and Technology,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,China;Sichuan Dongshu New Materials Co.,Ltd.,Deyang 618000,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学国防科技学院核废物与环境安全省部共建协同创新中心,核环境安全技术创新中心,环境友好能源材料国家重点实验室,四川绵阳621010 [2]四川东树新材料公司,四川德阳618000

出　　处：《核化学与放射化学》2024年第4期281-298,I0001,共19页Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金核技术创新联合基金重点项目(U2267224);中核海水提铀技术重点实验室开放基金(23zh0137);四川省科技计划项目(2020JDJQ0060,2020YFQ0014,2020JDRC0099)。

摘　　要：作为核电运行最重要的燃料,铀是保障核能可持续发展的关键。我国铀资源的供需矛盾逐年突出,缺口部分需要由境外开发与国际市场采购来保障。一方面,海水中的铀储量是陆地的近千倍;另一方面,核工业开采及生产应用过程产生大量的含铀放射性废水。若能实现海水和含铀放射性废水中铀的高效分离回收,对降低铀资源对外依存度、实现核能的可持续发展具有重要战略意义。本文聚焦于近年来在海水和含铀放射性废水等复杂体系中光催化提铀和电催化提铀的最新研究进展,总结了在光催化还原和电催化还原过程中催化剂的结构设计、功能改性策略以及催化机理,介绍了用于有效识别和监测铀催化反应中间过程的先进表征技术,并讨论了光催化还原与电催化还原技术面临的挑战和未来的发展方向。Uranium,as the most important fuel for nuclear power operation,is crucial to ensure the sustainable development of nuclear power.However,the supply-demand contradiction of uranium resources in China has become increasingly prominent,and the gap needs to be filled by overseas development and international market procurement.The photoreduction and electroreduction of uranium under complex conditions are mainly targeted at uranium containing radioactive wastewater,real seawater,and other systems.Uranium containing radioactive wastewater comes from the processes of uranium mining,uranium enrichment,uranium conversion,and manufacture of nuclear fuel elements,with the characteristics of complex interfering ions.Although the total amount of uranium in seawater is very large,the concentration of uranium in seawater is low,making the extraction of uranium from seawater extremely challenging.On the one hand,the reserves of uranium in seawater are nearly a thousand times higher than those on land;on the other hand,the entire application process of the nuclear industry produces a large amount of uranium containing radioactive wastewater.If efficient separation of uranium from seawater and uranium containing radioactive wastewater can be achieved,it can promote the secondary supply of uranium resources and alleviate the supply-demand contradiction of uranium resources in China.Therefore,the development of uranium recovery and extraction technology from seawater and uranium containing radioactive wastewater is important for the sustainable development of the nuclear industry.This paper reviews the recent research progress in separating uranium in complex environments such as seawater and uranium containing radioactive wastewater.In terms of uranium speciation analysis,it describes the coordination environment of complex environmental uranyl and summarizes the advantages of photocatalysis and electrocatalysis in the fields of uranium extraction from uranium containing radioactive wastewater and seawater.In terms of designing ph

关 键 词：铀资源 海水提铀 放射性废水提铀 光催化 电催化 

分 类 号：TL212[核科学技术—核燃料循环与材料] TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]