电化学滤池处理铀尾矿渗滤液的效能研究  

Efficiency of Electrochemical Filter in Treating Uranium Tailings Leachate

作　　者：张泽纳 陈帆[1] 樊蓓蕾 汤鑫 王春林 姚倩晶 王宇恒 ZHANG Ze-na;CHEN Fan;FAN Bei-lei;TANG Xin;WANG Chun-lin;YAO Qian-jing;WANG Yu-heng(School of Ecology and Environment,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710129,China)

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学生态环境学院,陕西西安710129

出　　处：《核化学与放射化学》2024年第4期401-408,I0004,共9页Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.52200202);中央高校基本科研业务费(No.23GH02028)。

摘　　要：为高效、低碳处理铀尾矿渗滤液,研发了一种新型石墨基电化学滤池,以石墨颗粒为填料、碳毡为导电体,通过直流电源提供电压,蠕动泵驱动,自下而上将铀尾矿渗滤液通过不循环连续运行的滤池,实验探究施加电压和水力停留时间等操作参数对模拟含铀废水以及实际铀矿废水的铀去除效能。结果表明:4.0 V和10 h分别为电化学滤池处理铀尾矿渗滤液的最优电压和水力停留时间,该工况下铀的去除率可达到97%以上。采用场发射电子扫描显微镜及能谱(FESEM-EDS)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等对反应后石墨颗粒上的产物进行了表征,表征结果表明:铀均匀地分布在石墨颗粒表面,吸附-还原为铀去除的主要机制,铀回收产物以U(Ⅳ)和U(Ⅵ)的混合物的形式沉积于电极表面。同时,通过成本估算可得,利用本装置从铀尾矿渗滤液中回收铀的运行成本为176.6~587.5元/kg(以U计),远低于常规陆地铀资源开发成本,具备良好的经济性。In this work,a novel graphite-based electrochemical filter was developed for the efficient and environmentally friendly treatment of uranium tailings leachate.The filter utilizes graphite particles as filler and carbon felt as a conductor,powered by a DC power supply and driven by a peristaltic pump.In a noncirculating continuous operation filter experiment,uranium tailings leachate was tested for uranium removal efficiency under different operating parameters such as voltage and residence time,using both synthetic wastewater and actual uranium mine wastewater.This study is based on the fundamental principles of metal electrochemical reduction.The efficacy of this device for the continuous flow treatment of uranium tailings leachate was systematically investigated.The mechanism of uranium tailings leachate treatment by the electrochemical filter was elucidated through electrochemical analysis and product characterization.The results highlight that voltage and hydraulic retention time are critical factors influencing the efficiency of electrochemical filter treatment.Specifically,4.0 V and 10 hours were identified as the optimized voltage and suitable hydraulic residence time,respectively,for the treatment of uranium tailings leachate using the electrochemical filter,resulting in a uranium removal rate exceeding 97%.In actual uranium tailings leachate applications,the maximum extraction rate can reach 5 275 μmol/(m~3·h),confirming the feasibility of electrochemical filter in removing uranium from actual uranium tailings leachate and its good selectivity in complex water quality applications,the device can be quickly applied to uranium tailings leachate collection facilities and achieve in-situ uranium extraction.The voltage increase can significantly enhance the uranium extraction performance and can be portablely deployed in uranium mine water.In-situ uranium processing and recovery is achieved in processing and collection facilities.Characterization techniques such as field emission scanning electron microscop

关 键 词：电化学滤池 铀尾矿渗滤液 吸附-还原 除铀效能 

分 类 号：TL941.1[核科学技术—辐射防护及环境保护]