纳米矿物在地球科学的研究进展  

Progress of the nanomineral study in Earth sciences

作　　者：石爱国 许成[1,2] 韦春婉 范朝熙 付伟 易泽邦[2] SHI Aiguo;XU Cheng;WEI Chunwan;FAN Chaoxi;FU Wei;YI Zebang(Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution,School of Earth and Space Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;College of Earth Sciences,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541006,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学地球与空间科学学院造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室,北京100871 [2]桂林理工大学地球科学学院有色金属矿产勘查与资源高效利用省部共建协同创新中心,广西壮族自治区桂林541006

出　　处：《矿物学报》2024年第4期457-477,共21页Acta Mineralogica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41825008、92162219);广西自然科学基金项目(桂科AB22035045、2020GXNSFGA297003)。

摘　　要：纳米矿物广泛存在于岩石圈、大气圈、水圈和生物圈内,是地球系统的重要组成部分。纳米矿物的微小尺寸使其具有不同于宏观矿物的特殊结构、物理化学性质和地质行为,研究固体地球系统中各类纳米矿物的形成机制、分布特征和转变规律进而从微观角度深入理解地质过程已成为国际地学的研究热点。本文总结了地学常用的纳米矿物研究方法,介绍了纳米矿物参与下的“非传统”矿物生长、微量元素吸附和矿物相变等过程。同时本文结合实例梳理了地球系统不同地质过程中非生物相关纳米矿物的成因机制及其对地质过程的指示意义,包括发生在岩浆、热液或胶体体系中从无到有的结晶过程,先存矿物的溶解-再沉淀过程(水岩反应作用),以及先存岩石或矿物的应变破碎过程(陨石冲击、构造活动、火山活动)等,讨论了纳米矿物与成矿的关系,并对纳米地球科学未来的研究方向提出了展望。Nanomineral,the vital part of the Earth system,is widely spread in the lithosphere,atmosphere,hydrosphere and biosphere of the Earth.It has unique structure characteristics,physicochemical properties,and geological behaviors that differ from macroscopic minerals due to its nano size.To study the formation mechanism,distribution characteristics and transformation laws of various kinds of nanominerals in the solid earth systems for further understanding the geological processes from the microscopic perspective has become a hotspot in the field of international geoscience research.In this paper,we summarized the research methods of nanominerals in the earth science and introduced the non-traditional processes of mineral growth,trace element adsorption and mineral phase transformation with the participation of nanominerals.At the same time,we reviewed the formation mechanism of inorganic nanominerals and their indicative significances to geological processes,including the crystallization processes in magmatic,hydrothermal,or colloidal systems,the dissolution-reprecipitation process of pre-existing minerals(mineral-fluid interaction),as well as the deformation process of pre-existing rocks or minerals under stresses(meteorite impact,tectonic activity,volcanic activity),discussed the relationship between nanominerals and mineralization,and finally proposed a prospective for future research directions of the nano-earth science.

关 键 词：纳米矿物 纳米地球科学 非传统矿物学 成因机制 地质意义 纳米矿物与成矿 

分 类 号：P571[天文地球—矿物学] P573[天文地球—地质学]