西昆仑晚古生代盆地演化与成矿作用  

Evolution and mineralization of the Late Paleozoic basin in the West Kunlun,China

作　　者：张羽佳 李溪遥 吴承泉[1] 徐进鸿 张正伟[1,2] ZHANG Yujia;LI Xiyao;WU Chengquan;XU Jinhong;ZHANG Zhengwei(State Key Laboratory of Mineral Deposit Geochemistry,Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guiyang Guizhou 550081,China;Henan Academy of Geology,Zhengzhou Henan 450016,China;Tongren University,Tongren Guizhou 554300,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地球化学研究所矿床地球化学国家重点实验室,贵州贵阳550081 [2]河南省地质研究院,河南郑州450016 [3]贵州省铜仁学院,贵州铜仁554300

出　　处：《矿物学报》2024年第4期478-492,共15页Acta Mineralogica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:U1603245)。

摘　　要：在西昆仑北部地区,由于古特提斯洋汇聚作用,导致形成弧后伸展构造带以及一系列晚古生代沉积盆地。本文着重综述以下几个问题:1)位于塔里木地块南缘上的塔木-卡兰古盆地带,由于坳陷作用连续沉积了中泥盆统-上二叠统地层,其构造位置相当于远域大陆弧后环境盆地;位于西昆仑地块北缘的奥依塔格-库尔良弧后盆地带,由于裂陷作用断续地沉积了中泥盆统-上二叠统地层,其构造位置相当于弧后盆地。虽然这两个盆地带之间被铁克里克断隆带所分隔,但它们的演化过程具有同时性。2)盆地中主要有两期岩浆岩活动,一是与盆地扩张期同生的“双峰式”岩浆岩(339~291 Ma),二是与盆地闭合有关的中酸性岩浆岩(265~206 Ma);3)在盆地演化过程中,中泥盆世-早二叠世是盆地扩张期,在局部坳陷的封闭盆地和缺氧环境下形成同生沉积矿床,主要包括海相砂岩型铜矿床、喷流沉积型铅锌矿床、沉积锰矿床以及VMS型铜矿床;中二叠世-早三叠世是盆地闭合期,由于盆-山转换作用导致沉积基底褶皱和岩浆活动,并形成了构造-热液和岩浆热液成矿作用。总之,晚古生代区域伸展构造环境受制于古特提斯汇聚作用,在这些盆地扩张到闭合的演化过程中,形成沉积型矿床、岩浆热液型矿床和构造-热液型矿床。In the northern part of the West Kunlun,due to the convergence of the Paleo-Tethys,back-arc extensional tectonic belts and a series of Late Paleozoic sedimentary basins were formed.The following issues have been emphatically reviewed in this paper.1)The Tamu-Kalangu basin belt,in which the Middle Devonian-Late Permian strata were deposited continuously due to the depression,on the southern margin of the Tarim Block is tectonically equivalent to the far-field continental back-arc environmental basin.The Oytag-Kuerliang basin belt,in which the Middle Devonian-Late Permian strata were deposited intermittently due to the rifting,on the northern margin of the West Kunlun Block,is tectonically equivalent to the back-arc basin.Although these two basins are separated by the Tiekelike uplift,they have simultaneous evolutionary processes.2)There are two stages of magmatic rocks in the basin.The first one is the bimodal igneous rocks which coincide with the basin expansion period(339-291 Ma),and the second is the intermediate-acidic magmatic rocks(265-206 Ma)related to the basin closure.3)In the basin evolution process,syngenetic sedimentary deposits,mainly including marine sandstone copper deposits,sedimentary manganese deposits,and VMS type copper deposits,were formed in closed basins locally in the depression under anoxic environment condition during the period of basin expansion from the Middle Devonian to the Early Permian.During the basin closing period from Middle Permian to Early Triassic,the basinmountain transition resulted in the folding of sedimentary basement,magmatic activities,and tectono-hydrothermal and mgmatic-hydrothermal metallogenesis.In conclusion,the Late Paleozoic extensional tectonic environment of the region was controlled by the Paleo-Tethys convergence.Sedimentary deposits,magmatic-hydrothermal deposits as well as tectono-hydrothermal deposits were formed in these basins in the basinal expansion-closing evolution process.

关 键 词：晚古生代盆地 弧后伸展环境 铅-锌-铜-锰矿床 西昆仑 

分 类 号：P61[天文地球—矿床学]