不同年龄及性别儿童早期语言发育迟缓的特点  

Characteristics of early language development delay in children of different ages and genders

作　　者：古吉燕 李正 王念蓉[1] 罗雅婷 GU Jiyan;LI Zheng;WANG Nianrong;LUO Yating(Department of Child Health Care,Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Chongqing 401147,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市妇幼保健院儿童保健科,重庆401147

出　　处：《教育生物学杂志》2024年第4期275-278,共4页Journal of Bio-education

基　　金：重庆市科卫联合医学科研项目(2021MSXM176)。

摘　　要：目的总结不同年龄及性别儿童早期语言发育迟缓的特点,为早期干预提供依据。方法选取2020年11月—2021年12月在重庆市妇幼保健院儿童保健科诊断为语言发育迟缓的12~35月龄的659名儿童作为研究对象,其中男童490名,女童169名。采用早期语言发育进程量表评估儿童的语言发育水平。根据年龄和性别对儿童进行分组,考察语言发育水平的年龄差异和性别差异。结果在12~23月龄组,儿童的语言发育水平无显著性别差异;在24~35月龄组,男童的语音和语言表达得分显著低于女童(P<0.05)。24~35月龄组儿童中语音和语言表达异常的比例以及男童中听觉感受和理解异常的占比,均显著高于12~23月龄组(P<0.05)。结论在语言发育迟缓的儿童中,男童的语言表达能力更差。特别是在24月龄后,男童的语言发育较女童更为迟缓,且听觉感受和理解异常的比例高于较低年龄段男童。因此,临床实践中应关注幼儿,特别是男童的语言发展,并尽早实施干预措施。Objective To summarize the characteristics of early language development delay in children of different ages and genders,and provide evidence for the early intervention.Methods A total of 659 children(490 boys and 169 girls)aged 12-35 months diagnosed with language development delay in the Department of Child Health Care,Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Hospital from November 2020 to December 2021 were selected as the research subjects.The children’s language development level was evaluated by using Gesell developmental schedule.The children were grouped on age and gender,and age and gender differences in language development levels were examined.Results There was no significant gender difference in the language development level of children in the 12-23 months group.In the 24-35 months group,boys had significantly lower scores in speech and language expression than girls(P<0.05).The proportion of abnormal speech and language expression in children aged 24-35 months,and the proportion of abnormal auditory perception and understanding in boys,were significantly higher than those in the 12-23 months group(P<0.05).Conclusion Among children with language development delay,boys have poorer language expression abilities.Especially after 24 months of age,the language development of boys is more delayed than that of girls,and the proportion of abnormal auditory perception and understanding is higher than that of boys in younger age groups.Therefore,in clinical practice,attention should be paid to the language development of young children,especially boys,and intervention should be implemented as early as possible.

关 键 词：语言发育迟缓 性别 早期识别 儿童 男童 

分 类 号：R72[医药卫生—儿科]