连作根系分泌物加剧土传病害的机制和缓解措施研究进展  

Research Advances on Mechanisms and Preventions of Soil-borne Diseases Exacerbated by Root Exudates in Continuous Cropping Systems

作　　者：游川 杨天杰 周新刚 王孝芳 徐阳春[1] 沈其荣[1] 韦中[1] YOU Chuan;YANG Tianjie;ZHOU Xingang;WANG Xiaofang;XU Yangchun;SHEN Qirong;WEI Zhong(College of Resources and Environmental Science Nanjing Agricultural University,Key Lab of Organic-Based Fertilizers of China and Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院/国家有机类肥料重点实验室/江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化高新技术研究重点实验室,南京210095 [2]东北农业大学园艺园林学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《土壤学报》2024年第5期1201-1211,共11页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3501501);国家自然科学基金项目(42090064,42277113)资助。

摘　　要：基于植物-土壤反馈理论,连作体系中的根系分泌物必然在加剧土传病害发生中起重要作用,但相关研究证据尚缺少系统总结。本文梳理了连作加剧土传病害发生的现象以及连作累积典型根系分泌物组分的案例。从有利于土传病原菌由土体向根际迁移、增殖和致病(“利病”)、破坏根际有益微生物群落防线(“压益”)和毒害根系免疫系统(“自毒”)等三个方面,阐述连作根系分泌物中某些物质促进土传病原菌入侵的机制。从根系分泌物的角度阐述轮作、间作、套作、伴生和嫁接等多样性种植方式缓解连作土传病害的发生机制。提出鉴定“利病”、“压益”和“自毒”物质以及构建对应的消减技术途径,可为土传病害绿色高效综合防控提供科学支撑。The rhizosphere microbial communities play a crucial role in assisting plants in dealing with soil-borne pathogens.When plants encounter specific soil pathogen invasions,they adapt the composition and quantity of root exudates to recruit beneficial microorganisms that can utilize these substances to resist soil pathogen infections.However,recent studies have revealed that certain root exudates can promote the occurrence of soil-borne diseases.This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review and summary of existing evidence regarding the role of root exudates in continuous cropping systems,which contribute to the occurrence and outbreaks of soil-borne diseases.The paper begins by presenting observations of soil-borne diseases exacerbated by continuous cropping and the accumulation of key root exudates.Subsequently,it summarizes the potential mechanisms through which some root exudates in continuous cropping promote the invasion of soil-borne pathogens.Considering the process of soil-borne pathogens causing plant diseases in continuous cropping involves introduction(soil to the rhizosphere),colonization(rhizosphere to root surface),and infection(root surface to root interior),the substances exacerbating soil-borne pathogen invasion in each stage are categorized into the following three groups based on their functions:1)substances that facilitate the migration,proliferation,and pathogenicity of soil-borne pathogens from soil to the rhizosphere(“enriching pathogens”);2)substances that disrupt the defense line of beneficial microbial communities in the rhizosphere(“suppressing beneficial microbes”);and 3)substances that hinder the root immune system(“self-toxic”).Subsequently,the paper explores the mechanisms of diversified cropping systems such as rotation,grafting,row intercropping,relay intercropping,and companion planting in alleviating soil-borne diseases from the perspective of root exudates.These mechanisms include:1)enhancing the diversity of root exudates;2)reducing the secretion of self-toxic su

关 键 词：连作障碍 土传病原菌 根系分泌物 自毒物质 根际微生物 

分 类 号：S154.37[农业科学—土壤学]