骨粉生物质炭对酸性土壤的改良作用  

Alleviating Effects of Bone Meal Biochars on Acidic Soil

作　　者：赵文瑞 孔群芳 张文娟 胡程凯 林雨欣 陶炳娇 王国鑫 彭可睿 王聪 赵宽 ZHAO Wenrui;KONG Qunfang;ZHANG Wenjuan;HU Chengkai;LIN Yuxin;TAO Bingjiao;WANG Guoxing;Peng Kerui;WANG Cong;ZHAO Kuan(Key Laboratory of Intelligent Quality Monitoring and Soil Fertility Improvement for Farmland,College of Resources and Environment,Anqing Normal University,Anqing,Anhui 246133,China;Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Protection and Pollution Control in Wanjiang Basin,College of Resources and Environment,Anqing Normal University,Anqing,Anhui 246133,China;Anhui Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Research and Ecological Protection in Southwest Anhui Province,College of Life Science,Anqing Normal University,Anqing,Anhui 246133,China)

机构地区：[1]安庆师范大学资源环境学院,安徽省耕地质量智慧监测与地力提升重点实验室,安徽安庆246133 [2]安庆师范大学资源环境学院,皖江流域水环境保护与污染控制安徽省教育厅重点实验室,安徽安庆246133 [3]安庆师范大学生命科学学院,安徽省皖西南生物多样性研究与生态保护重点实验室,安徽安庆246133

出　　处：《土壤学报》2024年第5期1299-1309,共11页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：安徽省高校自然科学研究项目(KJ2021A0654);安徽省高校自然科学研究重点项目(2023AH050486)资助。

摘　　要：以猪、鸡、牛和羊骨为原材料厌氧热解制备成生物质炭(骨炭)作为改良剂,探究骨炭最佳制备条件及其对酸性土壤改良效果,并从土壤固相和液相二个角度探究骨炭对酸性土壤铝(Al)形态的影响。结果表明:高温厌氧热解制备的骨炭富含CaO、CaCO_(3)和Ca_(5)(PO_(4))_(3)(OH),同时含有NaO、MgO等碱性物质及-OH等多种官能团。但骨炭碱含量受热解温度影响较大,鸡骨和牛骨在800℃、猪骨和羊骨在900℃时其炭碱含量接近峰值并保持稳定,约为生石灰的90%,是最佳制备温度。此温度下制备的四种骨炭均可有效地提高pH<6.0的酸性红黏土、红砂土和砖红壤pH。骨炭中的碱性物质主要以H+缓冲剂的形式存在,从而导致其提高土壤pH的幅度与初始土壤pH成反比。pH=4.40的红黏土中添加5 g·kg^(-1)猪、鸡、羊和牛骨炭后土壤溶液Al浓度分别较对照降低33%、34%、47%和41%,固相有机结合态Al含量无显著变化(P>0.05)。骨炭增加了酸性土壤阳离子交换量,并通过促进活性Al向土壤固相吸附态羟基Al和更稳定态Al转化从而降低土壤溶液Al及交换态Al含量。骨炭富含植物生长所需营养元素,具备无机和有机改良剂的双重特性,是可替代传统石灰作为酸性农田土壤改良剂的优质材料。【Objective】The purpose of this study was to explore the optimum preparation conditions of bone biochars,their improvement effects on acid soil,and the influence on Al forms from the perspective of soil solid phase and liquid phase.【Method】The anaerobic pyrolysis of pig,chicken,ox,and sheep bone meals were used as raw materials to produce biochars(bone biochars)as ameliorants and three typical acid soils were used.【Result】The results showed that the bone biochars prepared by high-temperature anaerobic pyrolysis were rich in CaO,CaCO_(3),and Ca_(5)(PO_(4))_(3)(OH),contained alkaline substances such as NaO and MgO and characterized by many functional groups including-OH.Nevertheless,the alkali content of bone biochar was greatly affected by the pyrolysis temperature.The alkali content was close to the peak value and remained stable at 800 for chicken and℃cow bones,and the same at 900 for pig and sheep bones.Interestingly,the alkali content of these bone℃biochars was about 90%of the quicklime,which is the best preparation temperature.Also,the biochars effectively increased the pH of acidic red soils from Anhui,Jiangxi,and Guangdong with an original pH of lower than 6.The alkaline substances in bone biochars mainly existed in the form of H+buffers and the magnitude of the increase in soil pH was inversely proportional to the initial soil pH.After adding 5 g·kg^(-1)pig,chicken,sheep,and ox bone biochars to the red soils with pH=4.40,the Al concentration in soil solution decreased by 33%,34%,47%,and 41%,respectively,compared with the control,and the content of organically bound Al in solid phase had no significant change(P>0.05).Bone biochars increased the cation exchange capacity of acidic soil and reduced the content of soil solution Al and exchange Al by promoting the conversion of active Al to adsorbed hydroxyl Al and more stable Al in the soil solid phase.【Conclusion】Bone biochars are rich in nutrients required for plant growth,has the dual characteristics of inorganic and organic amendments,an

关 键 词：动物骨炭 热解温度 酸性土壤 铝毒害 土壤铝形态 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]