修复连作大蒜土壤生产力衰退的有机质补偿方案与初步机理  

Organic Matter Compensation Scheme and Preliminary Mechanism for Remediation of Soil Productivity Decline in Continuous Cropping Garlic

作　　者：洪华阳 魏天齐 周红梅[4] 任艳云[4] 马龙传 苏彦华[2] 张焕朝 HONG Huayang;WEI Tianqi;ZHOU Hongmei;REN Yanyun;MA Longchuan;SU Yanhua;ZHANG Huanchao(College of Forestry,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 211135,China;University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Shandong Jining Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jining,Shandong 272100,China;Science and Technology Bureau of Jinxiang County,Shandong Province(Garlic Research Institute),Jining,Shandong 272200,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学林学院,南京210037 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京211135 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]山东济宁市农业科学研究院,山东济宁272100 [5]山东省金乡县科技局(大蒜研究所),山东济宁272200

出　　处：《土壤学报》2024年第5期1386-1397,共12页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：2022年度江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新项目(BE2022805);中国科学院南京土壤研究所“十四五”创新项目(ISSASIP2201)共同资助。

摘　　要：针对山东省金乡县品牌大蒜主产区长期连作大蒜田中土壤有机质亏缺和大蒜产量连年衰减的典型问题,以不同比例的有机肥替代化肥作为有机质补偿方案,研究了有机肥替代化肥对大蒜产量和土壤障碍的修复效果。试验选取了大于25年连作历史的代表性田块,以未种植大蒜的麦田作为非连作田块对照,设置常规化肥施肥(CF)、以氮(N)为基准进行有机肥替代化肥25%(M25)、50%(M50)和100%(M100)四个处理。结果表明,在长期大蒜连作土壤中,有机替代处理对大蒜的产量衰退具有显著的当季修复效果,增产幅度可达20%,同时改善了土壤中的氮素养分供应状态和土壤大于2 mm团聚体的比例;其中25%有机替代率(M25)具有较佳的经济效益;而在土壤有机质未出现亏缺的非连作土壤中,有机替代处理并无直接的增产效果。综上,本研究明确了增施有机肥仅在土壤有机质出现明显亏缺的连作大蒜土壤中可通过促进大颗粒土壤团聚体的形成和提升全生育期土壤有效态养分的固持能力,进而对连作大蒜土壤生产力的退化具有显著的修复效果。该研究对缓解连作体系中的类似土壤退化问题和维持土壤生产力的可持续性,具有有益的借鉴作用。【Objective】This study aimed to use different proportions of organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer as organic matter compensation schemes to study their effects on garlic yield attenuation in long-term continuous cropping garlic fields in the main garlic-producing area of Jinxiang County,Shandong Province.【Method】The representative fields with more than 25 years of continuous cropping history were selected in this experiment.The wheat field without garlic planting was used as the non-continuous cropping field control.Four treatments were set up:conventional chemical fertilizer fertilization(CF)and organic fertilizer to replace chemical fertilizer with 25%(M25),50%(M50)and 100%(M100)based on nitrogen(N).【Result】The results showed that in the long-term garlic continuous cropping soil,organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer treatment had a significant effect on the increase(20%)of garlic yield in the current season.Also,the content of N in continuous cropping soil and the proportion of soil>2 mm aggregates were increased,and the N nutrient supply status and soil aggregate structure in the soil were improved.Among the treatments,25%organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer treatment(N)had the best yield and economic benefit of garlic,and also had a better repair effect on the decline of soil productivity of continuously cropping garlic.However,in non-continuous cropping soil without organic matter deficit,organic substitution treatment did not have a direct effect on increasing production.【Conclusion】This study clarified that the application of organic fertilizer(partial organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer treatment)based on chemical fertilizer application can only promote the formation of large-grained soil aggregates and enhance the holding capacity of soil available nutrients during the whole growth period in the continuous cropping garlic soil with obvious deficiency of soil organic matter.It also has a significant restoration effect on the degradation of

关 键 词：有机质补偿 有机替代 大蒜产量 土壤养分 土壤结构 

分 类 号：S158.2[农业科学—土壤学] S56[农业科学—农业基础科学]