财产权的张力:洛克与马克思  

The Tension of Property Right:Locke and Marx

作　　者：白刚[1,2] 程远航 BAI Gang;CHENG Yuan-hang

机构地区：[1]吉林大学哲学基础理论研究中心 [2]吉林大学哲学社会学院

出　　处：《学习与探索》2024年第8期27-35,180,共10页Study & Exploration

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“马克思恩格斯超越德国观念论的逻辑演进与历史唯物主义形成研究”(23&ZD013)。

摘　　要：洛克作为近代政治哲学财产权思想的开创者,在《政府论》中从自然权利论说出发,提出“劳动创造价值”的劳动所有权思想。马克思继承了洛克劳动所有权思想的核心,在劳动价值论的基础上发现剩余价值,揭露资本家对劳动者剩余价值的无偿占有,开启了财产权的资本逻辑批判。在《资本论》中,马克思发现资本主义财产权是以劳动所有权为外在形式,背后隐匿着否定自我所有的资本所有权,揭示了财产权的现代分离。马克思将洛克的劳动所有权发展为劳动力所有权,在重建个人所有制中实现人的自我所有,完成了对财产权的正义建构。As the originator of property right in modern political philosophy,Locke put forward the thought of labor ownership which contains “labor creating value” inTwo Treatises of Governmentfrom the theory of natural rights.Marx inherited Locke's core of labor ownership theory,discovered surplus value on the basis of the labor theory of value,exposed the capitalists' free possession of laborers' surplus value,and opened the capital logic criticism of property rights.In Das Kapital,Marx found that capitalist property right takes the labor ownership as the external form,and the capital ownership that denies self-ownership is hidden behind it,revealing the modern separation of property right.Marx developed Locke's ownership of labor power into ownership of labor force,realized people's self-ownership in the rebuilding individual ownership,and completed the justice construction of property right.

关 键 词：财产权 劳动所有权 劳动价值论 资本所有权 劳动力所有权 

分 类 号：B0[哲学宗教—哲学理论]