市场型环境规制会影响企业出口决策吗——来自二氧化硫排污费改革的证据  

Do Environmental Regulations Oriented on Market Affect the Decision to Export--Evidence from the Reform of SulfurDioxide Emission Fees

作　　者：韩天轮 张兵[1] HAN Tianlun;ZHANG Bing

机构地区：[1]南开大学经济学院

出　　处：《国际贸易问题》2024年第7期54-71,共18页Journal of International Trade

基　　金：中央高校双一流引导专项资金项目“中国经济增长质量国际比较及新常态下的提升路径研究”(96176403);天津市哲学社会科学规划项目“中美经贸摩擦对天津市经济高质量发展的影响及对策研究”(JZDWT202001-12)。

摘　　要：以排污费为代表的市场型环境规制手段对我国经济实现绿色转型有着重要作用,但其在降低污染排放的同时也可能影响企业的生产经营决策。本文基于异质性企业理论建立了一个开放经济下的一般均衡模型,在微观层面分析了市场型环境规制趋严对企业出口决策的影响,并利用二氧化硫排污费征收标准改革这一准自然实验对理论模型中的相关推论进行了检验。结果表明:环境规制降低了企业出口的集约边际,但对广延边际的影响不显著。分位数回归结果显示,出口额下降主要集中在中小规模出口企业,且这部分企业的中止出口概率增加,上述结论在通过一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。此外,私营企业和单产品企业所受冲击更大,而提升市场化水平和环境基础设施完善程度可以有效降低环境规制对于企业出口的短期不利影响。本文的研究丰富了环境规制影响企业出口决策的理论机制和现实证据,对于协同推进环境保护和出口增长具有参考意义。The market-oriented environmental regulation measures represented by pollution discharge fees play an important role in achieving green transformation of China's economy,but these measures may also affect the production and operation decisions of enterprises.This paper establishes a general equilibrium model under an open economy based on the theory of heterogeneous enterprises.At the micro level,we analyze the impact of stricter market environment regulations on export decisions of enterprises,and use the quasi natural experiment of reforming sulfur dioxide pollution fee standards to test the relevant deductions in the theoretical model.The results indicate that environmental regulations have reduced the intensive margin of enterprise exports,but their impact on the extensive margin is not significant.The quantile regression shows that the decrease in export volume is mainly concentrated in small and medium-sized export enterprises,and the probability of these enterprises suspending exports increases.The above conclusion still holds after a series of robustness tests.In addition,private enterprises and single product enterprises are more affected,and improving the level of marketization and environmental infrastructure can effectively reduce the short-term adverse effects of environmental regulations on enterprise exports.This study enriches the theoretical mechanism and practical evidence of the impact of environmental regulations on corporate export decisions,and has reference significance for promoting environmental protection and export growth in a coordinated manner.

关 键 词：异质性企业 环境规制 出口决策 排污费改革 

分 类 号：F746.12[经济管理—国际贸易]