乙酸钠与柠檬酸三钠复合添加剂在镁空气电池电解液中的作用  

The Effect of Sodium Acetate and Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate Composite Additives in the Electrolyte of Magnesium-Air Batteries

作　　者：刘宗明 徐献芝[1] 王乾 余国东 Liu Zongming;Xu Xianzhi;Wang Qian;Yu Guodong(Department of Modern Mechanics,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei,230026;Anhui Shuodai Technology Co.,Ltd,Hefei,230026)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学近代力学系,合肥230026 [2]安徽朔代科技有限公司,合肥230026

出　　处：《化学通报》2024年第8期973-978,共6页Chemistry

摘　　要：镁空气电池具有能量密度高、结构简单、环境友好等多方面的优势,然而至今未能实现大规模的商业化应用的原因在于,其较高的理论电化学性能未能获得有效的释放。在工作发现乙酸钠和柠檬酸三钠可作为一组不错的镁空气电池电解液的添加剂组合,其能够明显改善镁空气电池实际运行时的放电性能表现。经实验证实,投入该组合后电池可以在高达50mA/cm^(2)的电流密度下保持稳定的放电电压。该添加剂组合能将镁板的能量密度提高10%~15%,达到了1900Wh/kg左右,接近镁空气电池的理论能量密度的30%。电解液的缓蚀率也超过95%,降低了因镁板与水溶液接触时发生反应而造成的原料损失。此外,该添加剂组合还可以将沉淀产物的形态从原本的灰黑块状聚集物优化为白色分散的粒状沉淀,有效避免了产物的堆积,使放电的性能不会因沉淀的积累而降低。Magnesium air battery has many advantages such as high energy density,simple structure,and environmental friendliness.However,the reason why it has not been commercially applied on a large scale so far is that its high theoretical electrochemical performance has not been effectively released.This work found that sodium acetate and trisodium citrate can be used as a good combination of additives for the electrolyte of magnesium air batteries,which can significantly improve the discharge performance of magnesium air batteries.It has been confirmed that the battery with this combination added to the electrolyte can maintain a stable discharge voltage at a current density of up to 50 mA/cm^(2).This additive combination can increase the energy density of magnesium by 10%~15%,reaching around 1900 Wh/kg,which is close to 30%of the theoretical energy density of magnesium air batteries.The corrosion inhibition rate of the electrolyte also exceeds 95%,reducing the loss of raw materials caused by the reaction between the magnesium and the aqueous solution.In addition,this additive combination can also optimize the morphology of precipitates from the original gray black block like aggregates to white dispersed granular precipitates,effectively avoiding the accumulation of products and ensuring that the discharge performance does not decrease due to the accumulation of precipitates.

关 键 词：镁空气电池 复合添加剂 能量密度 缓蚀率 沉淀形态 

分 类 号：TM911.41[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动] O646.1[理学—物理化学]