2021—2023年河南省漯河市居民乙型肝炎血清流行病学调查  

Seroepidemiologic survey of hepatitis B among the residents in Luohe of Henan,2021-2023

作　　者：贾孝提[1] JIA Xiaoti(Luohe Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Luohe,Henan 462000,China)

机构地区：[1]漯河市疾病预防控制中心,河南漯河462000

出　　处：《现代疾病预防控制》2024年第8期579-582,共4页MODERN DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION

摘　　要：目的了解漯河市居民乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染状况和免疫水平,为乙肝防治工作提供数据支持。方法2021—2023年在漯河市居民中采用多阶段随机抽样法抽取调查对象,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA),对血清标志物乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)、表面抗体(HBsAb)、核心抗体(HBcAb)进行定性检测,分析三种指标阳性率。结果共调查1295人,2021—2023年漯河市居民HBsAg、HBsAb、HBcAb阳性率分别为1.78%、74.05%、9.65%,不同年份HBsAb和HBcAb阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为18.775、24.049,P均<0.05),不同年龄组HBsAg、HBsAb、HBcAb阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为30.400、173.540、211.074,P均<0.05),HBsAg阳性率男性(2.55%)高于女性(1.05%)(χ^(2)=4.162,P<0.05),农民的HBsAg和HBcAb阳性率分别为4.68%,26.90%,高于其他职业人群(χ^(2)值分别为27.954、59.854,P均<0.05)。有乙肝疫苗免疫史人群中,HBsAb阳性率随接种时间的延长而降低(χ^(2)趋势=65.184,P<0.05),且HBsAb阳性率高于无免疫史和免疫史不详人群(χ^(2)=24.747,P<0.05),60~79岁年龄组HBsAb阳性率最低(46.94%)。结论漯河市居民乙肝控制效果良好,但应关注男性、农民和较高年龄组等重点人群的乙肝疫苗接种工作。Objective To understand the infection status and immune level of hepatitis B virus among the residents in Luohe from 2021 to 2023,providing data support for hepatitis B prevention and control.Methods Survey subjects were selected using multi-stage random sampling method from 2021 to 2023;serum biomarkers including HBsAg,HBsAb and HBcAb were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA);the positive rates of three indicators were analyzed.Results A total of1295 persons were investigated.The positive rates of HBsAg,HBsAb,and HBcAb among the resident of Luohe city from 2021to 2023 were 1.78%,74.05%,and 9.65%,respectively.There were statistically significant differences in the detection rates of HBsAb and HBcAb among different years(χ^(2)=18.775,24.049,respectively,and both P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the three indicators among different age groups(χ^(2)=30.400,173.540,211.074,respectively,and all P<0.05).HBsAg positivity rate in males(2.55%)was higher than that in females(1.05%)(χ^(2)=4.162,P<0.05).The positive rates of HBsAg and HBcAb in farmers(4.68%and 26.90%,respectively)were higher than those in other populations(χ^(2)_(HBsAg)=27.954,χ^(2)_(HBc Ab)=59.854,and both P<0.05).The positive rate of HBsAb in the people with the history of hepatitis B vaccine immunization declined with the prolongation of time after vaccination(χ^(2)_(trend)=65.184,P<0.05),and was higher than that without or with unknown immunization history(χ^(2)=24.747,P<0.05).The positive rate of HBsAb was lowest in the age group of 60-79 years old(46.94%).Conclusions The effect of hepatitis B control among the resident is good in Luohe,but attention should be paid to the hepatitis B vaccination in key groups such as men,farmers and older groups.

关 键 词：乙型肝炎 居民 血清流行病学 乙肝疫苗 预防接种 

分 类 号：R183[医药卫生—流行病学]