2020—2022年郑州市内脏利什曼病流行特征及人群和犬只感染情况  

Epidemiological characteristics of visceral leishmaniasis and the infection status of human and dog in Zhengzhou City,2020-2022

作　　者：张月泉[1] 牛卫东[1] 陈伟博[1] 杨成运[2] 鲁德领[2] 高利华[1] 刘颖[2] 陈伟奇[2] ZHANG Yuequan;NIU Weidong;CHEN Weibo;YANG Chengyun;LU Deling;GAO Lihua;LIU Ying;CHEN Weiqi(Zhengzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Institute of Vector and Biological Control,Zhengzhou,Henan 450007,China;Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention)

机构地区：[1]郑州市疾病预防控制中心媒介与生物控制所,河南郑州450007 [2]河南省疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《现代疾病预防控制》2024年第8期595-598,625,共5页MODERN DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION

摘　　要：目的了解郑州市内脏利什曼病的病例分布,流行区人群和犬只利什曼原虫感染现状以及媒介白蛉的密度,为内脏利什曼病防控提供科学依据。方法收集2020—2022年郑州市内脏利什曼病病例调查资料进行描述性流行病学分析。以病例为线索,对有本地病例的12个自然村开展疫点调查与处置,采集病例所在村风险人群和犬只的静脉血样,使用rk39免疫层析试纸条检测人和犬血清抗利什曼原虫抗体;在传播季节5—9月,采用灯诱法在不同生境开展白蛉密度调查。结果2020—2022年郑州市共报告内脏利什曼病病例23例,年均报告发病率为0.23/10万。病例主要分布于5个市(区)的12个乡镇。全年无明显季节发病高峰。发病年龄最小1岁,最大72岁,年龄中位数39.7岁。重点人群利什曼原虫抗体阳性率为0.26%(3/1170),犬利什曼原虫抗体阳性率为29.86%(284/951),5个市(区)之间的犬利什曼原虫抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=37.458,P<0.05),表明不同的感染率可能与区域因素相关。共捕获中华白蛉3497只,其中雌蛉3084只,占88.2%,平均密度为4.2只/(灯·夜),5个市(区)之间的中华白蛉平均密度差异无统计学意义(H=7.513,P>0.05),提示媒介分布相对均匀。然而,各市(区)间不同生境白蛉的分布差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=502.433,P<0.05)。结论郑州市内脏利什曼病传播风险较高,应加强监测,积极查杀病犬,严格驱蛉灭蛉,防止进一步扩散。Objective To understand the distribution of visceral leishmaniasis cases in Zhengzhou City,assess the infection status among the population and dogs in the epidemic area,and evaluate the density of vector sandflies,providing a scientific basis for prevention and control strategies.Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was performed on investigation data of visceral leishmania cases in Zhengzhou City from 2020 to 2022.Based on the case as a clue,epidemic point investigations and disposals were conducted of in 12 natural villages with local cases.Venous blood samples were collected from high-risk populations and dogs for leishmania antibodies detection using rk39 immunochromatographic test strips.Sand-fly density was investigated using light trap method during the propagation season from May to September.Results From 2020 to 2022,23 cases of visceral leishmaniasis were reported in Zhengzhou,with an average annual incidence rate of 0.23/10~5.Cases were primarily distributed across 12 townships in 5 cities(districts).There was no significant seasonal peak.The median age was 39.7 years,with the youngest case at 1 year and the oldest at 72.The leishmania antibody positive rate in key populations was 0.26%(3/1170),and in dogs,it was 29.86%(284/951).A statistically significant difference was observed in the positive rate of leishmania antibodies among dogs in the five cities(districts)(χ^(2)=37.458,P<0.05),indicating a varied infection prevalence that may be associated with regional factors.A total of 3497 Chinese sandflies were captured,with an average density of 4.2 sandflies per night.Among the sandflies captured,3084 were females,accounting for 88.2%.The average density of Chinese sandflies did not show statistically significant difference across different regions(H=7.513,P>0.05),suggesting a relatively uniform distribution of the vector.However,the distribution differences of sandflies in different regions and habitats were found to be statistically significance(χ^(2)=502.433,P<0.01).Conclusions The transmi

关 键 词：内脏利什曼病 流行病学调查 犬只 白蛉 郑州市 

分 类 号：R531.6[医药卫生—内科学]