渣油加氢装置高压换热器内漏分析及建议  

ANALYSIS AND SUGGESTION ON INTERNAL LEAKAGE OF HIGH-PRESSUREHEAT EXCHANGER IN RESIDUE HYDROTREATING UNIT

作　　者：陈锴[1] 刘涛 张冕 刘荣[1] 任亮 Chen Kai;Liu Tao;Zhang Mian;Liu Rong;Ren Liang(SINOPEC Shanghai Petrochemical Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200540;SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co.,Ltd.)

机构地区：[1]中国石化上海石油化工股份有限公司,上海200540 [2]中石化石油化工科学研究院有限公司

出　　处：《石油炼制与化工》2024年第9期107-111,共5页Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals

摘　　要：渣油加氢装置在运行过程中发现热低压分离器油存在硫含量异常上升、加氢渣油产品质量不合格的问题,通过杂质脱除率分析、加热炉取热分析和傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱分析,判断为高压换热器内漏,估算运行至末期时内漏量已将近15%。停工后对换热器进行了水压试压,判断内漏原因为顶压螺栓预紧力偏小,在运行初期反应器的压降较小时换热器正常运行,随着运行时间延长换热器管壳程之间的压降增大,壳程的压力超过了金属包覆垫的回弹力,换热器的管壳程密封处渗漏,杂质含量较高的混氢原料油直接泄漏至加氢产品中,导致产品的杂质含量不断上升。建议采用金属齿形垫加钢环的结构替代目前使用的金属包覆垫,并重新核算换热器的预紧力,确保高压换热器长期高效运行。During the operation of the residue hydrotreating unit,it was found that the sulfur content of the hot low-pressure separator oil increased abnormally and the quality of the hydrotreated residue was unqualified.Based on impurity removal rate analysis,heat analysis of heating furnace and FT-ICR MS analysis,it was determined that there was internal leakage in the high-pressure heat exchanger,and the estimated leak at the end of the run was close to 15%.After the shutdown,a water pressure test was conducted on the heat exchanger,and it was judged that the cause of the leakage was due to the small pre-tightening force of the top pressure bolt.In the early stage of operation,the pressure drop of the reactor was relatively small,and the heat exchanger operated normally.As the operating time increased,the pressure drop between the tube side and the shell side increased,the pressure on the shell side exceeded the rebound force of the metal coating pad,and the leakage occurs at the sealing point between the tube side and the shell side of the heat exchanger.The feed oil with high impurity content directly leaked into the hydrotreated product,resulting in the increasing impurity content of the product.It is suggested that the structure of metal toothed gasket and steel ring should be used to replace the metal cover cushion,and the pre-tightening force of heat exchanger should be re-calculated to ensure long-term efficient operation of the high-pressure heat exchanger.

关 键 词：渣油加氢 高压换热器 内漏 

分 类 号：TE96[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]