“灭人欲”与“御人欲”:程颐与叶适“欲”思想比较研究  

“Eliminating Human Desire”and“Controlling Human Desire”:A Comparative Study on Cheng Yi and Ye Shi’s Thought of Desire

作　　者：冀晋才 JI Jincai(School of Humanities,Wenzhou University,Wenzhou,China 325035)

机构地区：[1]温州大学人文学院,浙江温州325035

出　　处：《温州大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期33-42,共10页Journal of Wenzhou University：Social Science Edition

基　　金：浙江省社会科学界联合会研究项目(2024N060)。

摘　　要：程颐与叶适分别作为程朱理学与永嘉学派的代表人物,二人在“欲”思想上存在根本性差异:程颐否定“欲”为人之天性,将之限定于气质之性范畴,用以揭示人性之恶的由来,最终确立了“存天理,去人欲”的宗旨;叶适认为“欲”是人性之固有内容,强调在齐家治国中通过有效手段“御人欲”。这种差异的形成与二人各自所处之历史环境密切相关。程颐聚焦中唐以来社会道德体系的崩塌,以及王安石变法对宋神宗与士大夫群体利欲之心的鼓动,故而强烈呼吁“穷天理”“去人欲”;叶适则心忧南宋长期面临的内外危机,以及与此危局极不适宜的苟且偷安、空谈心性的士大夫群体,积极提倡修实学、行实政、成实德的事功思想,主张“内外交相成”,以“御人欲”。Cheng Yi and Ye Shi,as representatives of the Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism and the Yongjia School respectively,have fundamental differences in their thought of desire.Cheng Yi denies that“desire”is inherent to human nature and limits it to the category of temperament,in order to reveal the origin of human evil and ultimately establish the academic purpose of“keeping natural principles and eliminating human desires”.On the other hand,Ye Shi believes that“desire”is an intrinsic part of human nature,emphasizing the use of effective means to“control human desire”in regulating family and governing the state.The formation of this difference is closely related to the historical environment in which the two individuals existed.Cheng Yi focused on the collapse of the social moral system since the Middle Tang Dynasty,as well as the agitation of Wang Anshi’s reform towards the desire for profit among the Song Emperor Shenzong and the scholar-officials,thus strongly calling for“knowing natural principles”and“eliminating human desires”.Ye Shi was concerned about the long-term internal and external crises faced by the Southern Song Dynasty,as well as the extremely inappropriate scholar-officials who lived at ease and talked about their inner selves.He actively proposed the utilitarian thought of researching practical learning,performing practical politics,and achieving practical morality,advocating“internal and external interaction”to“control human desire”.

关 键 词：程颐 叶适 欲 气 性 

分 类 号：K207[历史地理—历史学]