2219铝合金变厚度板坯充液拉深工艺研究  

Research on Hydroforming of 2219 AluminumAlloy Plate with Differential Thickness

作　　者：莫琛 贾春莉 徐永超[1,2] 苑世剑[1,2] Mo Chen;Jia Chunli;Xu Yongchao;Yuan Shijian(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001;National Key Laboratory of Precision Hot Processing of Metals,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001;Capital Aerospace Machinery Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100076)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学材料科学与工程学院,哈尔滨150001 [2]哈尔滨工业大学金属精密国防热加工重点实验室,哈尔滨150001 [3]首都航天机械有限公司,北京100076

出　　处：《航天制造技术》2024年第4期30-35,共6页Aerospace Manufacturing Technology

摘　　要：针对运载火箭燃料贮箱整体箱底采用厚板旋压、再机械加工的方法存在的易开裂、加工量大的问题,提出了先机械加工获得变厚度板坯,再拉深成形的制造方法。圆形变厚度板坯具有中间薄、外缘厚的形状特点,成形中存在薄区易开裂的问题,为此采用充液拉深并结合弹性垫板的成形方法。通过数值模拟和工艺实验,研究液压和弹性垫板对变厚度板坯拉深成形壁厚及应变分布的影响规律。研究结果表明,增大液压和设置弹性辅助板能够增大界面摩擦,降低拉深试件的最大壁厚减薄率,改善薄区的壁厚分布。当液压为5.2 MPa、弹性辅助板厚度为5 mm时,试件最大壁厚减薄率为8.8%,相较于普通拉深降低34%。In view of the problems of easy cracking and large amount of machining in the spinning and machining of heavy plates,a deep drawing forming method of a plate with differential thickness was proposed to manufacture an integral dome of the propellant tank in carrier rocket.The circular aluminum alloy plate has a smaller thickness in the middle and a larger thickness in the periphery.During the deformation process of such plates,the thin zone is prone to rupture defects.In order to solve this problem,the hydroforming method in coupling with an elastic auxiliary plate was adopted.Through numerical simulation and deep drawing experiments,the effects of hydraulic pressure and elastic auxiliary plate on the distributions of thickness and strain of plates with differential thickness were studied.The results show that increasing the hydraulic pressure and setting the elastic auxiliary plate can increase the interfacial friction,reduce the maximum thickness thinning rate of the drawn ellipsoid shell,and improve the thickness distribution within the thin zone.When the hydraulic pressure is 5.2 MPa and the thickness of the elastic auxiliary plate is 5 mm,the maximum thickness thinning rate of the ellipsoid shell is 8.8%,which is 34%lower than that of the ellipsoid shell obtained via conventional deep drawing.

关 键 词：2219铝合金 充液拉深 变厚度板坯 壁厚分布 

分 类 号：V462[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航制造工程] TG394[金属学及工艺—金属压力加工]