15天完全禁食对双重认知控制功能的影响——来自ERP的证据  

Effects of a 15-days complete fast on dual cognitive control functioning-Evidence from an ERPs

作　　者：王超 秦海波[2] 曹子卿 田立平[2] 江源[2] 戴钟铨[2] 迟立忠 吴斌[2] Wang Chao;Qin Haibo;Cao Ziqing;Tian Liping;Jiang Yuan;Dai Zhongquan;Chi Lizhong;Wu Bin(School of Psychology,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;China Astronaut Research and Training Center,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学心理学院,北京100084 [2]中国航天员科研训练中心航天医学全国重点实验室,北京100094

出　　处：《航天医学与医学工程》2024年第4期209-215,221,共8页Space Medicine & Medical Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFF1203705)。

摘　　要：目的未来在对近地行星(如火星、木星等)的登陆和探索过程中,为减少火箭载荷量,航天员可能主动禁食;甚至在未来载人深空探测过程中,航天员更有可能主动禁食,或进入休眠低代谢状态,以便节省载荷量,使飞船飞行时间更长,位置更深、更远。完全禁食状态下,个体能够在一段时间内保持认知能力稳定并做出适当反应,这对生存非常重要。本研究旨在探究15 d完全禁食对双重认知控制功能的影响及其神经机制。方法本研究招募24名健康志愿者全程参与禁食实验。通过采集AX持续表现任务(AX-CPT Task)的行为和脑电数据结合事件相关电位技术记录了16名志愿者的完整数据,以评估15 d完全禁食对志愿者双重认知控制的影响。结果(1)行为结果在反应时[F(1,15)=99.41,P<0.001,η^(2)_(p)=0.87]和错误率[F(1,15)=7.75,P=0.014,η^(2)_(p)=0.34]方面主效应显著,BX试次比AY试次的反应时和错误率均显著更低。(2)脑电结果在P3b上线索类型主效应显著[F(1,15)=16.43,P=0.001,η^(2)_(p)=0.52],线索B比线索A诱发更正的波幅,CNV上线索类型主效应显著[F(1,15)=10.72,P=0.005,η^(2)_(p)=0.42],线索A比线索B诱发更负的波幅,以及在N2上试次类型主效应显著[F(1,15)=6.90,P=0.019,η^(2)_(p)=0.32],BX试次比AY试次诱发出更负的波幅。这些结果均说明志愿者倾向于使用主动性控制的加工方式。结论15 d的完全禁食实验未对志愿者的双重认知控制功能产生明显影响,这说明在15 d完全禁食状态下,志愿者也具有充足的认知资源来执行认知控制。这有助于进一步了解完全禁食与双重认知控制加工方式的关系,并为未来近地行星登陆甚至深空探索过程中,主动处于禁食状态下航天员的生存和工作提供理论支持和参考依据。Objective In the future,during the landing and exploration of near-Earth planets(e.g.,Mars,Jupiter,etc.),astronauts may take the initiative to start fasting to reduce the amount of load;and it is even more likely that astronauts will take the initiative to fast in the process of manned deep-space exploration in the future,or they may enter a dormant low-metabolism state to save the amount of load to enable the spaceship to fly for a longer period,and to locate in a deeper and farther position.The ability of an individual to maintain cognitive ability and respond appropriately over a period in a long-term fasting state is important for survival.Therefore,the present study focused on investigating the effects of 15 days of complete fasting on dual cognitive control function and its neural mechanisms.Methods Twenty-four healthy volunteers were recruited to participate in the fasting experiment.Behavioral and electroencephalographic data from the AX-CPT Task were collected with event-related potentials(ERP)to assess the effects of 15 days of complete fasting on dual cognitive control in 16 volunteers.Results(1)Behavioral outcomes had significant main effects on response time[F(1,15)=99.41,P<0.001,η^(2)_(p)=0.87]and error rate[F(1,15)=7.75,P=0.014,η^(2)_(p)=0.34],and BX trials were significantly lower than AY trials for both response time and error rate.(2)EEG results were significant for a cue type main effect on P3b[F(1,15)=16.43,P=0.001,η^(2)_(p)=0.52],with cue B inducing a more positive wave amplitude than cue A,and a cue type main effect on CNV[F(1,15)=10.72,P=0.005,η^(2)_(p)=0.42],with cue A evoking a more negative amplitude than cue B,and a significant main effect of trial type on N2[F(1,15)=6.90,P=0.019,η^(2)_(p)=0.32],with BX trials inducing more negative wave amplitudes than AY trials.All these results suggest that volunteers tend to use proactive control processing.Conclusion The 15-days complete fasting experiment did not significantly affect the dual cognitive control function of the volunteers,sugge

关 键 词：完全禁食 主动性控制 反应性控制 认知控制 ERPS 

分 类 号：R852[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]