合宪性视野下撂荒地法律治理规则的完善  

Improvement of Rule of Legal Governance for Abandoned Land from the Perspective of Constitutionality

作　　者：程雪阳 Cheng Xueyang

机构地区：[1]苏州大学王健法学院/公法研究中心,江苏高校区域法治发展协同创新中心

出　　处：《法学》2024年第8期60-74,共15页Law Science

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“加强耕地保护领域立法研究”(23AZD042)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：在城市化和工业化过程中,弃耕抛荒给我国的粮食安全带来了严重的社会风险,但现行法在撂荒地治理领域存在着明显的规范模糊乃至规范冲突。为了维护法秩序的统一性,撂荒地法律治理领域相关规则应同时遵守现行《宪法》为其设定的内容填充型框架和边界控制型框架。具体来说,国家可以在法律层面建立或完善“发包方组织代耕”“撂荒地经营权征用”等土地经营权强制流转规则或法律制度,也可以在政策层面通过优化农业补贴、耕地保护奖励等措施进行撂荒地治理,但各类法律规范中曾经存在或依然存在的“撂荒两年强制收回承包经营权规则”并不具有合宪性,未来也不应重新进入现行法秩序之中。In the process of urbanization and industrialization,the universal abandonment of farmland has brought serious social risks to China's food security,but there are obvious normative ambiguities and even normative conflicts in the field of legal governance of abandoned farmland in the current law.In order to maintain the unity of legal order,the relevant rules in the field of legal governance of abandoned land should abide by both the content-filling frameworks and the border-control frameworks set by the Chinese Constitution.Specifically,the state can establish or improve rules or legal systems for the compulsory transfer of land use rights,such as“contract owner organize other people to use the abandoned farmland”and“expropriation of abandoned land use rights of abandoned farmland”at the legal level.The state also can optimize agricultural subsidies,cultivated land protection incentives and other measures to manage abandoned land at the policy level.While,the“two year compulsory recovery of contract use rights rules”that have existed or still exist in various legal norms are not constitutionality,and should not re-enter the current legal order in the future.

关 键 词：粮食安全 撂荒地 法律治理规则 财产权 合宪性 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D922.32[政治法律—法学]