多级变孔径孔板内消能工的物理模型试验与数值模拟研究  

Experimental and numerical simulation study on the physical model of multi-stage variable aperture orifice plates for energy dissipation

作　　者：漆明梅 王立强 QI Mingmei;WANG Liqiang(CNNC Xinhua Huanglong Pumped Storage Power Generation Co.,Ltd.,Tianshui 741000,China)

机构地区：[1]中核新华黄龙抽水蓄能发电有限公司,甘肃天水741000

出　　处：《水利建设与管理》2024年第8期11-20,10,共11页Water Conservancy Construction and Management

摘　　要：长距离有压输水管道系统面临地形地势复杂、山川落差大及高水头等问题,在下游区需要对其进行降压、消能处理。孔板消能装置作为一种新型的内消能工,具有结构简单、消能效率高等优点,在水利工程中得到了广泛应用。本文构建了一种变孔径孔板消能装置,运用物理模型试验与数值模拟相结合的方法对该装置在不同方案下的消能效率、过流能力及流速变化情况进行了分析研究。结果表明:当流速一定时,通过减小孔板收缩角或增大扭转角皆能明显提高消能效率,而过流能力明显减小;相反地,通过增大孔板收缩角或减小扭转角皆能明显减小消能效率,而过流能力明显增大。本文建议该消能装置孔板的组合方式为扭转角6°、收缩角30°,该成果可为长距离有压管道输水系统设计提供理论依据和参考。各方案下水流靠近孔板组合段之前靠近管轴中心处的流速较大,而靠近管壁处的流速较小,在孔板组合段之后可清晰地观测出两股强烈的射流,之后又趋于稳定。Long-distance pressurized water pipelines face challenges such as complex terrain,large elevation differences,and high water head.In downstream areas,it is necessary to reduce pressure and dissipate energy.Orifice energy dissipation devices,as a new type of internal energy dissipator,have advantages such as simple structure and high energy dissipation efficiency,making them widely used in water conservancy projects.This paper constructs a variable aperture orifice energy dissipation device and employs a combination of physical model experiments and numerical simulations to analyze the energy dissipation efficiency,flow capacity,and velocity changes of the device under different schemes.The research results show that when the flow velocity is constant,reducing the orifice contraction angle or increasing the torsion angle can significantly improve energy dissipation efficiency,but the flow capacity decreases significantly.Conversely,increasing the orifice contraction angle or reducing the torsion angle can significantly decrease energy dissipation efficiency,but the flow capacity increases significantly.Therefore,this paper recommends selecting a combination of 6°torsion angle and 30°contraction angle for the orifice plates of this energy dissipation device.This combination can provide a theoretical basis and reference for long-distance pressurized water pipelines.In each scheme,the flow velocity near the center of the pipe axis before approaching the orifice plate combination section is relatively high,while the flow velocity near the pipe wall is relatively low.After the orifice plate combination section,two strong jets can be clearly observed,which then tend to stabilize.

关 键 词：孔板消能 收缩角 扭转角 过流能力 

分 类 号：TV52[水利工程—水利水电工程]