放牧方式对植物与土壤养分的影响  

Effects of grazing on plant and soil nutrients

作　　者：刘桂松 艾尔肯·达吾提 于昭文 苏比努尔·吾麦尔江 史学书 吐尔逊娜依·热依木[4] LIU Guisong;ELKEN·Dawuti;YU Zhaowen;SUBINUER Wumaierjiang;SHI Xueshu;TUERXUNNAYI Reyimu(College of Grassland,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Grassland Technical Promotion Station,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;College of Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;College of Life Sciences,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区草原总站,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [3]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [4]新疆农业大学生命科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《草学》2024年第4期18-25,共8页Journal of Grassland and Forage Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31960338)。

摘　　要：放牧是人类利用草原最主要的方式,影响着植物和土壤的养分。为探究放牧对植物营养成分和土壤养分的影响,为合理利用放牧资源提供科学依据,本研究选取了新疆天山北坡中段昌吉市阿什里乡冬季和夏季牧场为研究对象,分析植被的地上生物量和营养成分,并测定表层土壤养分有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、pH值、电导率、全氮、全磷、全钾。夏季、冬季定居放牧下植物地上生物量随放牧强度增加而降低,冬季游牧放牧下地上植物生物量整体呈随放牧强度增加而增加趋势;干物质含量在夏季定居放牧下LG含量最高,有机物含量在冬季游牧放牧下HG含量最高,粗蛋白在冬季游牧方式CK和定居放牧CK较高,粗脂肪在夏季游牧方式CK含量最高,NDF在冬季定居放牧HG最高,ADF在夏季定居放牧CK含量最高;在冬季定居放牧有机质LG含量最高,在夏季定居放牧HG碱解氮、全氮含量最高,在冬季定居放牧HG速效磷、速效钾、pH值含量最高,电导率在夏季游牧方式CK含量最高,全磷在夏季游牧方式LG含量最高,全钾在夏季定居放牧下LG含量最高。不同放牧方式对植物与土壤养分有不同的影响,定居放牧下植物与土壤养分的相关关系显著高于其他放牧方式。Grazing is the most important way for human touse grassland,which affects the nutrients of plants and soil.To explore the effects of grazing on plant nutrients and soil nutrients,and to provide scientific basis for rational utilization of grazing resources.In this study,winter and summer pastures in Ashili Township,Changji City in the middle part of the north slope of Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang were selected as the research objects.The aboveground biomass and nutrient composition of vegetation were analyzed,and the surface soil nutrient organic matter,alkali-hydrostatic nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,pH value,electrical conductivity,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium were measured.The aboveground plant biomass decreased with the increase of grazing intensity in summer and winter under sedentary grazing,while the aboveground plant biomass increased with the increase of grazing intensity in winter.Dry matter content was the highest in LG under summer sedentary grazing,organic matter content was the highest in HG under winter nomadic grazing,crude protein content was higher in CK under winter nomadic grazing and sedentary grazing,crude fat content was the highest in CK under summer nomadic grazing,NDF was the highest in HG under winter sedentary grazing.The content of CK in ADF was the highest in summer under sedentary grazing.Under winter sedentary grazing,organic matter content in LG is the highest;under summer sedentary grazing,alkaline hydrolytic nitrogen and total nitrogen contents are the highest;under winter sedentary grazing,phosphorus,potassium and pH contents in HG are the highest;electrical conductivity is the highest in CK under summer nomadic grazing;total phosphorus content is the highest in LG under summer nomadic grazing.The content of total potassium was the highest in summer when LG was settled grazing.Different grazing methods have different effects on plant and soil nutrients,and the correlation between plant and soil nutrients under summer settlement grazin

关 键 词：山地草甸草地 放牧 土壤养分 植物营养品质 

分 类 号：S812.8[农业科学—草业科学]