森林火烧迹地林下植物多样性与土壤理化性质变化格局  

The Pattern of Understory Plant Diversity and Soil Physicochemical Properties in the Severely Burned Areas of Forests

作　　者：王明怀[1] 崔芳科 吴泽鹏[1] 许秀玉[1] 欧世坤 陈景欢 马胜杰 蔡志全 WANG Minghuai;CUI Fangke;WU Zepeng;XU Xiuyu;OU Shikun;CHEN Jinghuan;MA Shengjie;CAI Zhiquan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture,Protection and Utilization/Guangdong Academy of Forestry,Gunagzhou,Guangdong 510520,China;Department of Horticulture,Foshan University,Foshan,Guangdong 528051,China;Lankeshan Provincial Nature Reserve in Xijiang,Zhaoqing,Guangdong 526070,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省森林培育与保护利用重点实验室/广东省林业科学研究院,广东广州510520 [2]佛山大学园艺系,广东佛山528051 [3]广东西江烂柯山省级自然保护区,广东肇庆526070

出　　处：《林业与环境科学》2024年第4期1-8,共8页Forestry and Environmental Science

基　　金：广东省级灾害防治及应急管理专项资金项目“森林防灭火应急能力提升基础设施建设项目”资助。

摘　　要：为探究森林火烧迹地中的植物多样性和土壤理化性质的变化规律,试验选取广东西江烂柯山省级自然保护区和肇庆市国有北岭山林场内不同火烧恢复年限(2.5~16.0年)的样地和未被火烧过的森林公园(对照样地)样地进行调查和研究,详细记录样方内林下植物种类名称、数量和覆盖度等,并计算植物多样性指数。同时,测定了表层土壤(0~10 cm)的理化性质,大团聚体湿筛和微团聚体粒径质量分布。结果表明,(1)火烧后,林下植物种类、数量,Margalef丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener指数都低于对照样地。火烧后的样地林下植被种类、数量、Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou均匀度指数和枯落物厚度随恢复时间变长总体表现出先增加后减少的趋势。而Margalef丰富度指数和Fish-er′sα指数都呈现总体增加的趋势;所测的对植物生长有主要影响的土壤理化性质多与植物的Simpson优势度指数和生境Fisher′sα指数呈正相关,而与其他多样性指数负相关。(2)随着火烧样地恢复年限的增加,土壤pH值、全钾、全磷和有效磷含量都总体上呈现出先升高再下降的趋势,而速效钾、全氮、水解氮含量、阳离子交换量都呈现先降低后升高的趋势。(3)随着火烧后恢复年限的增加,湿筛后土壤水稳性大团聚体粒径>0.50 mm和≤0.25 mm粒径百分比呈现出先升高后下降的趋势,火烧有助于短期提高表层土壤的大团聚体含量和稳定性。火烧后微团聚体≤0.25 mm的5个粒径级别,其百分比随恢复时间的延长都有先降低后升高的趋势,火烧后短期的生态恢复增强了微团聚体的稳定性和抗侵蚀能力。To investigate the changes in plant biodiversity and soil physicochemical properties in severely burned forest areas,we selected sample plots from different recovery periods(2.5-16.0 years)after intense burning in Lankeshan Provincial Nature Reserve in Xijiang,Guangdong and Beiling Mountain forest farms,as well as plots from a forest park that had never been burned(control group).We recorded detailed information on plant species,their numbers,and coverage within the sample plots,and calculated plant diversity indices.Concurrently,we measured the physicochemical properties of the topsoil(0-10 cm)and the particle size distri-bution of macroaggregates(wet sieving)and micro-aggregates.The results showed that,(1)After severe burning,the number of understory plant species,their abundance,Margalef richness index,and Shannon-Wiener diversity index were all lower than those in the control plots that had not been burned.The understory plant species and abundance significantly decreased after burning.Over time,the burned plots showed an initial increase followed by a decrease in the number of understory plant species,Shannon-Wiener index,Pielou evenness index,and litter depth.However,Margalef richness index and Fisher′sαshowed an overall increas-ing trend.Most soil physicochemical properties were positively correlated with Simpson dominance index and habitat Fisher′sαbut negatively correlated with other diversity indices;however,these correlations were not significant.(2)With an increase in the recovery period after burning,soil pH,total potassium,total phos-phorus,and available phosphorus generally first increased and then decreased.Meanwhile,available potassi-um,total nitrogen,hydrolyzable nitrogen,cation exchange capacity showed an initial decrease followed by an increase.(3)As the recovery period after burning increased,the content of stable macroaggregates(>0.50 mm and>0.25 mm)in the soil increased initially and then decreased.Severe burning helped increase the con-tent of macroaggregates and soil stability in th

关 键 词：火烧恢复 生物多样性 森林 土壤理化性质 水稳性大团聚体 微团聚体 

分 类 号：S762[农业科学—森林保护学]