景观之美与美感  

The Beauty and Aesthetic of Landscape

作　　者：王向荣 WANG Xiangrong

机构地区：[1]不详

出　　处：《中国园林》2024年第7期2-3,共2页Chinese Landscape Architecture

摘　　要：美是什么?古希腊的哲学家们在两千多年前就已经开始了对什么是美的追问。毕达哥拉斯从数的关系上论证美,认为“美在数的和谐”“美是和谐与比例”,赫拉克利特认为美在于和谐,柏拉图认为美是一个主观理念,而亚里士多德则认为,美是有一定客观性的,美是外部对象的一种和谐,但是美也来自人的感知。中国先秦时期的思想家也开始了对美的探讨。春秋时期文学家左丘明在《伍举论台美而楚殆》中说:“夫美也者,上下、内外、大小、远近皆无害焉,故曰美。”《论语》里有“里仁为美”之说,意为能够达到仁的境界为美,或居住在有仁爱的地方才是美。《孟子》曰:“充实之谓美”,也就是说,美好的品德充实于内心就是美。可见,中国古人总是将美与善结合在一起,强调美与善的统一。What is beauty?Ancient Greek philosophers began to ask what beauty is more than two thousand years ago.Pythagoras argued for beauty from the relationship of numbers,saying that"beauty is in the harmony of numbers",and"beauty is harmony and proportion",Heraclitus believed that beauty lies in harmony,Plato believed that beauty is a subjective idea,and Aristotle believed that beauty has a certain objectivity,and that beauty is a harmony of external objects,but beauty also comes from human perception.Chinese thinkers of the pre-Qin period also began to explore beauty.Zuo Qiuming,a literary scholar of the Spring and Autumn Period,said in"Wuju on the Beauty of Platform and the Dange of Chu"that"The beauty lies in being harmless to the upper and lower,the inner and outer,the sizes,and the vicinities."In The Analects of Confucius,it is said that"Li Ren Wei Mei",meaning that it is beautiful to be able to reach the realm of benevolence,or it is good to live in a place with benevolence.Mencius said,"Fulfillment is beauty",meaning that a good character is beautiful when it is filled up in the heart.It can be seen that the ancient Chinese always combined beauty and goodness together,emphasizing the unity of beauty and goodness.

关 键 词：毕达哥拉斯 中国先秦时期 美与善 春秋时期 赫拉克利特 左丘明 数的和谐 

分 类 号：P901[天文地球—自然地理学] TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]