基于大数据的城市绿化树种气候适宜性匹配研究  

Climate Suitability Matching for Urban Landscaping Tree Species Based on the Analysis of Big Data

作　　者：徐捷 苟民欣 陈新平 周建华[4] XU Jie;GOU Minxin;CHEN Xinping;ZHOU Jianhua

机构地区：[1]西南大学农业资源与环境流动站,重庆400715 [2]西南大学,重庆400715 [3]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400715 [4]西南大学园艺园林学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《中国园林》2024年第7期71-76,共6页Chinese Landscape Architecture

基　　金：西南大学创新研究2035先导计划。

摘　　要：园林绿化树种在城市景观中发挥着重要作用,是减轻气候变化负面影响的有力工具。以中国重要林业树种木兰属植物为例,基于物种分布和气候的大数据集构建了物种分布模型。结果表明:1)我国木兰属植物在气候适宜性方面存在显著的种间差异,且在水分-热量条件的权衡限制下占据着特定的气候生态位;2)在54种木兰中筛选出潜在的耐旱型木兰14种、耐热型木兰10种、耐寒型木兰6种;3)以华北地区3个代表性城市沈阳、北京、西安为例进行了树种与城市之间的气候适宜性匹配,证明水分条件是制约木兰属植物在我国暖温带及中温带地区分布的关键因素,并筛选确定了一系列具有推广种植潜力的木兰种。采用的数据分析方法为不同气候条件下的城市绿化树种选择提供了理论指导,可用于我国木本植物区系的快速筛选,在植物引种和迁地保护等方面具有长远的应用前景。Tree species plays an important role in urban landscape construction and it is a powerful tool for mitigating the impacts of climate change.Taking Magnolia genus as an example,species distribution models were constructed based on the large datasets on species distribution and climate.The results showed as follows:1)54 Magnolia species had significant interspecific differences in climate suitability and occupied specific climate niches under the tradeoff between moisture and heat conditions;2)Fourteen,ten and six species with potential drought,heat and cold tolerance were predicted of 54 Magnolia species,respectively;3)Taking three representative cities in North China,Shenyang,Beijing and Xi'an,as examples,climate suitability matching between tree species and cities was carried out.It is proved that water condition was the key factor limiting the distribution of Magnolia in warm and middle temperate zones of China.Meanwhile,a series of Magnolia species with the potential of spreading planting were identified.The data analysis method used in this study provides theoretical guidance for the selection of urban landscaping tree species under different climate conditions,which can be applied to the rapid screening of woody flora in China and has a long-term application prospect in plant introduction and ex situ protection.

关 键 词：风景园林 城市绿化 树种选择 气候适宜性 大数据分析 木兰属 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]